The Amazing Story of How Ratan Tata Built an Empire

Hes packing his bags again. December 2012, when he turns 75, is the third scheduled seclusion for Ratan Tata. The Tata theme has been at this inflection point twice earlier, and stepped rearward both times. In 2002, when Tata was to retire at 65, the Tata Sons mesa promptly redesignated him non-executive chair, which meant he could continue for another five years. Three years later, the board upped the privacy age of non-executive directors to 75. The message is clear Ratan Tata is indispensable. And its not just the board that feels that way.There were loud cries of support from shareholders at the Tata Steel AGM in August, held currently after the announcement that Tata Sons had created a panel to find Tatas successor. We cant lose our rattan palm (jewel), said one shareholder, while others asked him to stay on as chairman emeritus. Whether or not he acknowledges it openly, Tata must be feeling decipherable by this public recognition of his worth. When he took over as Tata Group chairman on March 25, 1991, critics were loud and unrestrained in their condemnation and scepticism.Ratan Tata was considered to have gained his position purely on the strength of his epithet he was incompetent, raged opponents both within and outside Bombay House, and he didnt possess an mite of the charisma of his uncle and predecessor, JRD Tata. Nearly 20 years later, Ratan Tata has achieved almost everything on his 1991 agenda. At Rs 3. 46 lakh crore (Rs 3. 46 trillion), Tata Group revenue is 40 times the 1991 level, while net profit has gone up cardinal times.

The Crucible Quotes

He believed he was beingness persecuted w her perpetu in all(prenominal)y he went, nonwith stand up his best efforts to win nation and God to his side miller virtually Parris and how he doesnt conk to the club of interests save pop offs to religion pg13 To the European world the whole province was a barbaric frontier inhabit by a camarilla of fanatics Belonging to a place miller distinguishs this approximately Salem 13 Their creed forbade for each singlething resembling a theatre or vain enjoyment. miller labels what belonging to a company/ sort discount lead people to feel/do 14 A holiday from thrash meant all that they must concentrate redden much upon prayer Miller governs us ab extinct what THEOCRATIC society indispensable 14 This predilection for minding other peoples business was reputable among the people of Salem Miller explains what it meant when people belonged to a community 14 The edge of the wilderness was close byand it was full of mys tery for them. Miller states that belonging to such a wild place may be reason for the witch hunts 14 the Salem folk believed that the virgin timbre was the stir ups last preserve, his home base and the citadel of his final exam stand.This once more shows that Miller believes that the location played a eccentric in their beliefs. Highlights too their strong beliefs in religion and how theocracy ruled their society. 15 their church building found it necessary to deny any other sect its freedom Miller gameylights that you either belonged with their church or didnt belong at all. 15 the people of Salem developed a theocracy, a combine of state and religious power whose function was to keep the community together Miller informs us, in the introduction, that Salem was theocratic and their intentions in it 16 the people of Salemwanted to prevent any kind of di insolateity that might fake it to destruction by material or ideological enemies This is, as Miller points start, the pur pose of their theocratic society, and besides gives reasons for what happened when people didnt belong. 16 when angiotensin converting enzyme rises above the individual villainy displayed, one bath path only pity them all, only as we shall be pitied one day This is a exhaust link that Miller makes between the witch hunts of Salem and the commie witch hunts in mid century America 16 a soul of confusion go tos close himStage containions that paint Parris as someone who doesnt belong, from the very prayinning 17 trouble in this planetary house usually defeats on her back Stage directions of act one severalise us that Tituba, a slave from Barbados, does non belong in this community because she is different. 17 Go directly home and speak nothing of supernatural causes Parris says this to Susanna, highlighting his fear of being accused of not protecting their community, in that respectby not belonging to the community. 18 Uncle, the rumour of witchcraft is all ab come ou t of the closet I think you best go down and deny it yourself Abigail pleads with Parris to make amends.This also shows that she has great power, or at least thinks she does. Parris, terrified of not being real in his relatively new community decides against it. 18 And what shall I say to them? That my daughter and my niece I discovered dancing similar hea indeed in the afforest? Parris highlights his fear of not being current but also the fact that his own family atomic number 18 shunning accepted protocol, thereby not belonging. 19 But if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it, for surely my enemies pass on, and they leave ruin be with it. Parris is once again hard put close never being accepted. 9 in that respect is a faction that is sworn to drive me from my pulpit Parris is piss that he feels an alien in his own community. The community he should efficaciously be head of seeing as it is theocratic and he is a reverend. 19 I motto Tituba waving her arms over the blast when I came on you. Why was she doing that? Parris questions the power Tituba has to c looke the girls because she isnt swear and is an outsider. 19 She were s styl utilize like a dumb beast over that enkindle Parris exclaims that not only is Tituba an outsider, she is also now compared to being an animal. 20 She of all time sings her Barbados songs, and we dance. Abigail catches on quickly and realises that Tituba can easily be blamed for any injudiciousnesss because she is already considered an outsider. Also shows that Abigail is human raceipulative and that she is the leader of the partner ag conference of girls. 20 I pray you feel the weight of truth upon you, for now my ministrys at stake, my ministry and perhaps your cousins life. Parris appeals to religion, the only thing he belongs to truly, and then fears not only for his daughters life but also him losing face in the community. 20 I expect fought here three long years to bend these stif f-necked people to me, and now, just now when some good respect is rising for me in the parish, you compromise my character. Parris is clear that the only thing that truly concerns him is reputation, bod and being in flower. Not even his daughters life waits important. 20 I would not be her slaveI will not pitch- opprobrious my face for any of them The juxtapositioning of colour here highlights that Tituba is an outsider in this community. 20 the Devils touch is heavier than sick. Its remnant, yknow, its death drivin into them, forked and hoofed. Mrs Putnam prays on peoples fears of the devil 21 Thomas, I pray you, leap not to witchcraft. I know that you you least of all, Thomas, would ever compliments so disastrous a charge laid upon me. Parris, petrified that the Putnams, people with great process, will ruin him. 22 They will howl me out of Salem for such corruption in my house. Again, Parris is worried about being an outsider and losing face. 22 Thomas Putnam felt th at his own progress to and the note of his family had been smirched by the closure, and he meant to right matters however he could. Miller interjects in the drama and states that even Putnam worried about being an outsider 23 So it is not surprising to find that many accusations against people are in the handwriting of Thomas Putnam Putnam, as Miller explains, decided to crowd out first rather than see any suspicions land on him, against his name. 23 Tituba knows how to speak to the dead, Mr Parris. Mrs Putnam, also along with Abigail, knows to put blame on the one true outsider Tituba. 23 Oh Abigail, what proper payment for my good-will Now I am undone. Parris, not worried solely about his daughters life/death but that his reputation is done. 24 They will topple me with this Again, Parris is worried about being finally escape from out of the society/community 24 I take in no answer for that crowd. Use of exclusive language that separates Parris from the rest of the comm unity 24 Let you bastinado out against the Devil, and the village will bless you for it Theyre thirsty for your word, Mister Putnam, using his influence, pleads with Parris to say something to the community. He is also astute seemly to realise he should pray on Parris fear of elimination. 4/25 Ill lead them in a psalm, but let you say nothing of witchcraft yet. I will not discuss it. Parris as head of the theocratic society. 25 Listen, now if they be questioning us, allege them we danced I told him as much already. Abigail is now leading the peer group calling the shots. 25 Whatll we do? The village is out The whole artlesss talkin witchcraft Theyll be callin us witches, Abby bloody shame Warren shows that she is excite of the consequences of issue outside of the communitys main traditions/culture and that she is exhausting to go against Abigail, unsuccessfully 25 Abby weve got to tellwitcherys a hangin erroryoull only be whipped for dancin Mary Warren tries to use hig h modal(a) language to make a stand against the head of the peer group, again highlighting her fear. 26 Oh, youre a great one for lookin arent you Mary Warren? What a great peeping courage you have Conflict between Abigail and Mary Warren putting her down and nerve-racking to cast her out of her peer group. Makes Mary Warren want to enchant her/win her over again, to stay with them. Its safer that course. 26 BETTY You drank blood, Abby You didnt tell him that ABIGAIL Betty, you never say that again You will never BETTY you drank a arrest to kill Goody watch over. The conflict in the peer group 26 Now look you. All of you. We danced. And Tituba conjured Ruth Putnams dead sisters. And that is all. And pose this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. The main threat that Abigail uses to stay in charge of the peer gr oup and have people fear being an outsider. 26 I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down Again, Abigail threatens to achieve her purpose, and have people fear going against her. 27 He need not have been a fancier of any faction in the townhe was the kind of man powerful of body, even-tempered and not easily led Miller introduces monitoring device as someone who was able to stay outside of the peer group and community and had the strength to remain true to his own convictions. 27 Abby, I never give you hope to wait for me. varan softly tells Abigail that their human relationship is done and that he hasnt wanted any more than. 8 Or did I dream that? Its she put me out, you cannot pretend it were you. I proverb your face when she put me out, and you be intimated me then and you do now Abigail pleads with proctor showing what is driving her actions. Also highlights that admonisher has gone outside of his marriage. 29 I have hardly stepped off my farm this seven- month. monitoring device makes it clear he is physically outside of his community and as a gist can also be removed otherwise. 29 She is blackening my name in the village She is telling lies about me She is a cold, snivelling womanhood, and you bend to her Abigails tension/conflict with Goody monitor. Worried about her name and reputation in the community. 30 Francis had originally rented the land, and one theory has it that, as he gradually paid for it and raised his social status, there were those who resented his rise. Miller highlights that land ownership meant a lot for the community at the time 31 I am sick of meetings cannot the man turn his head without he have a meeting? Proctor is discontent with the community and the way they must belong 33 This will set us all to arguin again in the society, and we mentation to have peace this year. Rebecca, the voice of reason, tries to season the community to make them all belong. 33 We vote by name in this society, not by acre age. Proctor, another voice of reason, says this about how they should belong in the community 33 I never breakd you worried so on this society, Mr Proctor. I do not think I saw you at Sabbath meeting since snow flew. Putnam accuses Proctor of being an outsider because he doesnt participate in the religious aspect of their theocratic society. 33 There are many others who stay away from church these days because you hardly ever mention God any more. Proctor claims that there is no purpose in church since Parris arrived. He makes it dysphoric and all about hell 34 I regard that cardinal exhaust a year as part of my salary. I am paid little enough without I spend six pound on firewood. Parris is materialistic doesnt want to do anything unless it benefits him financially 34 I do not fathom it, why am I persecuted here? I cannot offer one proposition but there be howling riot of argument. I have often wondered if the Devil be in it somewhere I cannot understand you people otherwi se. Parris using repeated personal pronoun to show that he feels persecuted in the society 34 I do not wish to be put out like the cat whenever some majority feels the whim. Parris uses simile to prove how he feels a complete outsider and the power of the community when someone does not belong. 35 There is either obedience or the church will burn like Hell is burning Parris is clear in his encephalon that you are either with the church or you are not 35 while there were no witches then, there are Communists and capitalists nowwho believe that each side are at work undermining the other. Miller back aways a direct parallel with the happenings in Salem and the communist fear in regular army 39 They must be they are weighted with authority. shove uses this parable early on to show that he has great authority and even though an outsider is granted respect almost immediately. 40 How can it be the Devil? Why would he choose my house to strike? We have all manner of licentious peop le in the village Parris wants to find himself a part of the community, particularly because he is the religious leader, but he does so by separating himself from the rest. 44 I never called him Tituba, Tituba Abigail fashioning the first of her allegations against Tituba and in doing so proving her strength in the peer group. stack see what she is capable of. 45 She do me do it She made Betty do it High modal accusation towards Tituba. 45 You beg me to conjure She beg me make charm Tituba tries to fight against the allegations but is already an outsider and hasnt got the chance to win. 46 Sometimes I wake and find myself standing in the open doorway and not a stitch on my body I always hear her laughing in my sleep.I hear her singing her Barbados songs and tempting me with Abigail again reinforces her position and shows how strong she is in name of leading the peer group sways the community against Tituba. 46 You will concede yourself or I will take you out and whip you to y our death, Tituba Parris gives Tituba a fairly unfair ultimatum and shows again that being an outsider is bad. He also implies that you need to be a strong person to stand by your own name and convictions in this community. 46 No, no, dont hang Tituba I tell him I dont desire to work for him, sir. Tituba realises she must go against the truth and convictions to stay alive. She goes along with Abigails stories and makes it seem as though she wants to stop. 46 hearty You have confessed yourself to witchcraft, and that speaks a wish to come to Heavens side. TITUBA Oh, God bless you, Mr Hale HALE You are Gods instrument put in our workforce tocleanse our village. Hale uses the fiction to prove that people within the community believe Abigail, but also that Tituba has the opportunity to belong for the first time. 48 I want the light of God, I want the sweet bash of Jesus I saw Sarah Good with the DevilI saw Goody Osburn with the Devil I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil The calling out Abigail starts accusing and setting people as outsiders for nothing. 49 A hearth is at the left, and behind it a stairway leading upstairshe swings a pot out of the fire and smells it. Miller paints a domestic help picture and then juxtaposes it with the frosty portrayal of marriage 51 Its as warm as blood beneath the clods. An interesting interpretation of the unseasonably warm ground Proctor provides his married woman. 52 PROCTOR If the apparel is good Ill buy George Jacobs heifer. How would that please you?ELIZABETH Aye, it would. PROCTOR with a grin I mean to please you, Elizabeth. ELIZABETH it is hard to say I know it, John. Highlights some(prenominal) Proctors need to belong in the marriage and Elizabeths difficulty 52 Her back is turned to him. He turns to her and watches her. A sense of their separation rises. The stage directions highlights the distance between Proctor and his wife. 52 She panic-stricken all my strength awayit is a mouse no more she says to me I must go to SalemI am an formalized of the court Elizabeth talks about how Mary Warren has changed as a result of her being a part of the group 53 Aye, it is a proper court they have nowthere be fourteen people in jail nowand theyll be tried, and the court have power to hang them too, she says. Elizabeth secerns what Mary Warren has told her about the court and the exclusion of women from society 53 The towns gone wild, I think. She speak of Abigail, and I thought she were a saint, to hear her. Abigail brings the other girls into the court, and where she walks the crowd will part Repetition of Abigails name in Elizabeths recount of Marys story highlights that the focus is all around her at the moment. 53 Oh, it is a black mischief. Proctor uses this metaphor to describe what influence Abigail has on this society, and how others are flocking to belong 53 John, if it were not Abigail that you must go to hurt, would you falter now? I think not. Elizabeth has not forgiven Proctor for his indiscretion and questions him about who and what he might belong to now. 55 You will not guess me more, Elizabethyou forget nothin and forgive nothin. Proctor attempts to use high modal language to demand Elizabeths respect but again, he is downright in showing that he no longer truly feels as though he belongs in his marriage. 5 I come into a court when I come into this house Darkly comical metaphor used by Proctor to indicate he feels judged which limits his feelings of belonging in the marriage. 55 Let you look sometimes for the goodness in me, and judge me not. Again, focussing on the judgement he feels rather than belonging. 55 I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you. I never thought you but a good man, John. Elizabeth tries to set Proctor right and uses the heart metaphor to imply he is the only one judging his actions and that he is limiting himself from belonging. 5 As though to compensate, Mary Warren goes to Elizabeth with a sm all rag doll. Miller makes it clear that the symbolisation used as Goody Proctors downfall is made known early on 56 We must all love each other now, Goody Proctor. Mary Warren says this in reception to the strange situations they are now faced with 56 I never knew it before, I never knew anything before. When she come into the court I say to myself, I must not accuse this womanbut thenI feel a misty coldness climbin up my backand all at once I remembered everything she done to me Mary Warren highlights the feelings that can overtake them during the court 57 But the proof, the proof Proctor wants to be practical here. 58 You must see it, sir, its Gods work we do. Hale, and Mary Warren both proclaim this, referring to religion and what this society is based on. 58 The Devils loose in Salem, Mr Proctor we must discover where hes hiding Hale, again referring to religion and the society 59 There is a promise made in any bed and she may dote on it now I am sure she does and thin ks to kill me, then to take my place. Elizabeth points out to Proctor that his indiscretion led to a false sense of belonging for Abigail 60 This is a strange time, Mister. No man may longer query the powers of the dark are gathered in monstrous attack upon this village. Hale makes it clear that there is some powers of the dark but doesnt say Devil maybe understanding Abigails power? 62 I note that you are rarely in the church on Sabbath Day. A small detail noted by Hale ensures that Proctor is seen as an outsider because of his lack of conforming to religious norms. 62 and it the bible tells me that a look may pray to God without he have golden candlesticks upon the altar. Proctor complaining about Parris need to belong to objects/materialism 63 I like it not that Mr Parris should lay his hand upon my baby. I see no light of God in that man. Even for Proctor, Parris is an outsider 63 There be no mark of blame upon my life, Mr Hale. I am a covenanted Christian woman. Elizabe th states that she is trustworthy and honest because she is a good Christian woman the basis of their society. 64 Theology, sir, is a fortress no crack in a fortress may be accounted small. Hale uses this metaphor to highlight the strength of religion that you either belong to and with it or against it. But also implies in a way, that it is weak if compromised. 65 And why not, if they must hang for denyin it? There are them that will swear to anything before theyll hang have you never thought of that? Proctor questions the very confessions the women keep making. 66 My wife is the very brick and mortar of the church, Mr Hale. Giles Corey uses this metaphor to highlight the insanity of his wifes arrest 67 Man, remember, until an hour before the Devil fell, God thought him beautiful in heaven. Hales powerful statement about the fall of good into evil. The way that even those that belong can then become isolated or alienated. 68 the Williams girl, Abigail Williams, sir. She sat to di nner in Reverend Parriss house tonight, and without a word nor warnin she falls to the floor. interchangeable a stuck beast, he saysstuck two inches in the flesh of her belly, he draw a needle out. Cheever seemingly confused and alarmed by the stripping of the needle in the poppet. It highlights the lack of proof or manipulation of evidence. 70 Why, she done it herselfI hope youre not takin this for proof, Mister Proctor, again practical, and denying proof 70 Tis hard proof Cheever exclaims this. Shows the craziness of the situation the way the beliefs of the majority can cause hysteria. 70 Ill tell you whats walking Salem vengeance is walking Salem. 72 I cannot charge murder on Abigailshell kill me for sayin that 74 I cannottheyll turn on meI cannot do it, I cannot 74 As the curtain rises, the room is empty, but for the sunlight pouring through two high windows in the back wall. 77

José Cuervo Tequila Essay

Expansion to foreign merchandises is integrity of the ways in which companies increase their revenues. This expansion is normally preceded by digest of that food market and coming up with strategies to be used. The commonly used crossingion contention strategy formulation method is SWOT analysis. Business strategies are aimed at improving a phoners competitive position or business unit within an industry or segment. Business strategies passel be cooperative or competitive (Wheelen, 2003). Competitive strategies largely tenseness on costs and specialization.The various strategies that domiciliate be adopted to obtain competitive edge include cost leadership, specialisation, cost focus, or differentiation focus Jose Cuervo Tequila entry strategies This product is concoctd in the Mexican metropolis of Tequila. This tequila is made from agave conceptiont found in Mexico. Tequila is a grant brand targeted at the premium beverage market segment. Before introducing the prod uct to the market, the main factors to consider are marketing, supply of the product and investment as well as control measures e. g. nter the market by acquisition, joint casualty etc (Wheelen, 2003).Given the fact that Jose Cuervo Company is a family owned business, the company whitethorn not have the resources to counter competitors in an advanced market standardised the regular army. Therefore the company can grant license rights to other companies to manufacture market and distribute the product. In this way, the company can penetrate the market without investing substantial amounts of resources (Diageo Inc, 2009) Jose Cuevo tequila is a premium brand and therefore differentiation focus is the other strategy that the company can use.This type of differentiation focuses on a particular group, segment or geographical market. Since the company makes premium brand tequila, differentiation focus strategy is another contingent option that the company can adopt Exporting is the ot her market entry strategy that the company can adopt to enter the USA market. This strategy will require lower investment although to create cognizance about the product, the company has to invest substantial resources on marketing fake and Evaluation.This is the monitoring of corporate activities and performance results so that actual performance can be compared with the desired results. It typically involves determining what to measure, establishing standards of performance, measuring actual performance, resemblance of actual performance with standards and taking corrective actions (Wheelen, 2003) Evaluation of the companys strategies and operations can be done using performance measures such(prenominal) as return on investment, earnings per share, balanced scorecard, benchmarking etc.In this way, the company can be able to tell whether it is performing as expected. The company can evaluate the performance of its target market by using the above measures Controls instituted by the company should be in line with its strategies so as to avoid conflicts that may hinder achievement of objectives. Controls should get out true picture by monitoring important events, being timely, victimize and long term. Therefore the controls set by the company should not chance upon its quest to penetrate the market (Wheelen, 2003).Contingency plan In charting new-sprung(prenominal) territories e. g. a foreign market, the company should be able to take the undeniable measures to ensure business continuity in case of uncertainties. This can be done through the development of a contingency plan. The first rate is by identifying potential threats e. g. economic slowdown, changes in laws etc. Coming up with solutions e. g. by diversification or scaling back operations to inhibit costs is the next step of a contingency plan (Wheelen, 2003).Implementing the plan by instituting specific measures e. g. by investing in research to deduct up with new products and setting up a recovery police squad is the other step. The implemented plan should be tested and agreed upon by everybody in the company to ensure that it achieves the desired results The plan should be maintained by incorporating current conditions e. g. the company should include the current economic slowdown and its effects like lack of credit to the plan. This ensures that the plan is updated.

Describe and evaluate one social psychological theory of aggression? Essay

Deindividualisation is when someone loses their sense of identicalness and engages themselves in immoral things. The theory of deindividualisation suggests that when an individual is involved in a push they act like the crowd i.e. such as football hooligans. precisely as the express goes you be what you wear or eat piece of ass be applied here i.e. you are upon what your crowd or peers are upon.Le Bon proposed that there were a number of factors that lead an individual to suit psychologically transformed in a crowd. One being stay anonymous in the crowd i.e. when youre around a cope of people you are unlikely to be spotted. Zimbardo however argued with Le Bon saying that deindividualisation is a result of reduced responsibility, increased arousal, sensory overload and alter consciousness.Research study into deindivialistion Zimbardo prison experiment buzz offTo investigate whether situational or dispositional factors are what make us aggressive.Procedure 24 emotionally fix ed men were recruited There were 2 groups one was guards and the other one was prisoners.Zimbardo changed the identity of prisoners by giving them numbers, and being referred to by numbers.Zimbardo also changed the identity of guards by making them wear military clothes. They carried whistles, handcuffs etcFindingsEven though the environment was artificial guards and prisoners still obeyed and reacted brutal.Situational rather than dispositional because they were normal caring men.AO2 Evaluation of Zimbardo et al study mettlesome ecological validity due to the fact that the environment and the behaviour were currentistic. Even though the set up was artificial, the aggression or a loss of identity was rather bizarre even though all men knew its a fake set up. vignette showed high extremums of aggression and behaviour when identity is lost.NegativeUnethical because extreme harm either verbal or physical was afflicted.Sample was unrepresantable because it nevertheless included me n.AO1Research into Deindiviualistion Diener et al trick or treat experiment.Aimto investigate whether children steal, when in groups or individually. Procedure27 women were asked to give thou sweets to children during Halloween nightSome of the children were on their own while others were in groups.The women would centripetal the door and pretend that a phone call came and instruct stringently for the children to only take one sweet eachA unknown observer saw whether they obeyed.Findingschildren were more likely to steal in a group when they are left anonymous.AO2 Evaluation of experimentPositiveHigh ecological validity because experiment was done in a real environment and a large sample was used.NegativeOnly children were used, would adults do the same?Study only showed stealing little minor constrict such as sweets, would it be same for instance in patois robbery?

BLENZ Coffee case study Essay

BLENZ Company ProfileBLENZ coffee bean is a Canadian concatenation of franchise coffee stores. BLENZ was founded in Vancouver in 1992. and has grown to over 82 franchises in six states. Soon the spate of locations are located in British Columbia. with 35 international shops in the United Arab Emirates. Kuwait. the Philippines. China and Japan. BLENZ is chiefly a chocolate store. but anyway serves a assortment of calefactive and cold drinks. sweets. and assorted nourishing points such(prenominal) as wraps and sandwiches.BLENZ SWOT AnalysisStrengthsExtensive drink bill of fareLarge nutrient and sweet choice compared to competitionFree Internet at 41 burnt umber polarity locationsTalented baristas ( coffee-maker. servers )Quality java bean and teasCanadian-ownershipAdvanced drink developmentLarge java foretokensAlternate to care name leaderConsistencyFailingsNo clear trade name wayNo clear values or missionAssorted messaging. as well many claimsContradictory aspirationsNo con sistent communicating tone. linguistic communication. modeNo consistent communicating imagination. typography. designLess eubstance across mercantile establishments compared to rivalsLess focused on experienceUnknown company history and backgroundFranchisee-operatedOpportunities event largest bill of fare of most java housesIncrease consciousness of frequent groundbreaking drinksEmphasize talented and award-winning baristasCanadian owned and operated ( started in Vancouver )Alternate to planetary java house ironss. something different Consistent experience of a concatenation. with the ambiance of a local anaesthetic coffeehouse A batch of action at java housesMenaces ch each(prenominal)enger from better-known java housesCoffee houses with better locationsCompeting java houses companies with higher feeling merchandises Competing java houses companies with higher sensed fiber Competing java house companies with higher sensed position Independent java housesChain java housesCheap java housesInstantaneous java or complimentary java at work or concerns Cafes with large bill of fare choiceStatus in in-between land between trade name leader and independent coffeehouse Peoples doing java and drinks at organizeThere are many grounds for BLENZ Coffees winner so far and this comes from their will to hold convenient locations for the Customer. Furthermore. their merchandises are of the highest quality and their service continues to convey people back.BLENZs HistoryBLENZ coffee impoliteed its start shop in February 1992 on the corner of Robson and Bute Street in Vancouver. British Columbia. The first BLENZ shop was to be a proving land to guarantee that the earn and systems were strong plenty to turn and vie with other international ironss. The laminitiss of BLENZ COFFEE are Brian Noble. Sarah Moen and Geoffrey Hair. each impartation his ain personal strengths and combined conveying a wealth of concern experience to BLENZ COFFEE. The success of BLENZ COFFEES f oremost shop and the founders committedness to instruction and criterions made franchising a innate(p) pick. Today BLENZ now has 61 shops in British Columbia and in like manner operates internationally in Japan and the Philippines.BLENZs PhilosophyBLENZ COFFEE is a premium retail merchant of handmade javas. whole foliage teas. Belgian hot cocoa and other forward-looking and delightful forte drinks. From the start. the laminitiss of BLENZ COFFEE piss ever had a passion for quality. This passion is reflected in our committedness to utilizing only reliable. premium ingredients in their drinks. All BLENZ drinks are made in-store from plainly the highest quality ingredients available. It is this committedness to functioning quality drinks. prepared with attention and attending by their extremely trained baristas. in a warm and modern-day environs that has fuelled BLENZ COFFEES growing from its origin.BLENZs MerchandisesBLENZ COFFEE are retail merchants of high quality whole bean javas. beautiful whole foliage organic teas and premium Belgian cocoa drinks to call but merely a few of their merchandise offerings. They are known as experts at reliable readying methods and handmade drinks. They are non merely purveyors of exciting and advanced drinks they besides offer a fabulous choice of adust goods. breakfast. luncheon and bites. among other delightful dainties to allure Customers.BLENZ How to experience concerned by earlyThey are cognizant of this fact which is that todays universe could non be more unsure. Unemployment continues to lift the stock market continues to fall. BLENZ take control of the futurity of unemployed valuable people. with their calling chances.BLENZ How to experience concerned by Canadians life styleEven in the face of economic uncertainness. consumers electrostatic pick out their favorite low-cost luxuries like premium java and tea. Canadas java market is a $ 3 Billion Dollar industry. Coffee is still the most popular drink in Ca nada and 2nd merely to H2O. of all drinks consumed among grownups 25 and older. And choice teas. are besides quickly deriving in popularity. BLENZ premium javas and teas are 2nd to none. They give people their opportunity to grab the chance to bask their life style and net incomes with a no-hit BLENZ COFFEE franchise.BLENZ How to unite Career Opportunities and SafetyFulfil your long held day-dream to have your ain concern. and truly be the Boss without all the canvass and mistake that goes into a novel concern venture. BLENZ helps you pull off the hazards and go a leader in your local concern community. BLENZ COFFEE stores are known as merriment. and fast paced societal environments. Theyre besides a unafraid preparation land for kids to derive autonomy and pride as immature enterprisers.BLENZ The will of being everywhereBLENZ has chances in both established and new markets they are doing available for the first clip. You can develop one shop. Or you may wish to be considered for an Area Development chance to open several shops in a Territory. Typical shops costs range from $ 225. 000 to $ 400. 000. depending on shop size.BLENZ Festival & A Events spouseVancouver FilmFestivalFringe FestivalBLENZ & A Harbour CruisesBLENZ & A The Beat 94. 5FMMatcha PhotoContest

Debt/Equity Ratio

Debt/Equity Ratio What Does Debt/Equity Ratio Mean? A measure of a corporations financial leverage calculated by dividing its good liabilities by its stockholders legality it indicates what proportion of equity and debt the comparabilitytnership is using to pay its assets. http//financial-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/debt%2Fequity+ balance Debt/Equity Ratio A high debt/equity ratio principally means that a company has been aggressive in pay its egression with debt. This can result in volatile scratch as a result of the additional interest expense.If a lot ofdebt isuse to pay increasedoperations (high debt to equity), the company could potentially generate more salarythan it would cave in without thisoutside financing. If this were to increase earnings by a great come than the debt cost (interest), then the shareholders benefit asmoreearnings are being spread among the same amount of shareholders. However, the cost of this debt financing mayoutweigh the return th atthe companygenerates on the debt through coronation and business activities and become too much for the company to handle. This can winding to bankruptcy, which would leave shareholders with nothing.The debt/equity ratio also depends on the industryin which the company operates. For example, capital-intensive industries such as automanufacturing tend to have a debt/equity ratio above 2, while personal computer companies have a debt/equity of under 0. 5. Read more http//www. investopedia. com/ terminals/d/debtequityratio. aspixzz2DQ7bp1aa The debt to equity ratio is a financial metric use to assess a companys capital structure, or capital stack. Specifically, the ratio measures the congeneric proportions of the buckrams assets that are funded by debt or equity.The debt to equity ratio (also called the risk ratio or leverage ratio) provides a quick tool to financial analysts and future investors for determining the amount of financial leverage a company is using, and frankince nse its exposure to interest rate increases or insolvency. Knowing how to lose it the debt to equity ratio can help you assess a companys financial wellness before investing. Steps 1. 1 obtain the debt to equity ratio for the company in question. The ratio is calculated simply by dividing the souseds total debt by its total shareholders equity.These balances can be found on the companys balance sheet. Ads by Google Free Annuity Calculator Up To 40% More Income To get it on On. Try Our Free Online Calculator Now AgePartnership. co. uk/Annuity-Report * Generally, only interest-bearing, long term debt (such as notes payable and bonds) is included in the ratios calculation. Short-term liabilities, such as accounts payable, are often left out, as they dont provide much teaching about the companys use of leverage. * Some puffy, off-balance sheet liabilities should be included in the ratios calculation, however.Operating leases and unpaid pensions are 2 common off-balance sheet liabi lities that are large enough to warrant inclusion in the debt to equity ratio. 2. 2 execute a cursory assessment of the firms capital structure. Once you have primed(p) the debt to equity ratio for a particular company, you can get an root word of their capital stack. A ratio of 1, for example, indicates that the company funds its projects with an even variety of debt and equity. A low ratio (below about 0. 30) is generally considered good, because the company has a low amount of debt, and is therefore exposed to less risk in terms of interest rate increases or credit rating. . 3 escort the financing needs associated with the specific industry in which the firm operates. Generally, a high debt to equity ratio (2, for example) is worrisome, as it indicates a precarious amount of leverage. However, in some industries this is appropriate. Construction firms, for example, fund their projects almost entirely with debt in the form of wrench loans. This leads to a high debt to equity ratio, but the firm is in no real risk of insolvency, as the owners of each construction project are essentially paying to service the debt themselves. . 4 Determine the effect of treasury stock on the debt to equity ratio. When a company issues stock, shares are usually held on the balance sheet at par value (often only $0. 01 per share). When the firm buys back stock, the treasury stock is preserve at the purchase price this results in a massive discount from shareholders equity, increasing the debt to equity ratio. A troublingly high debt to equity ratio may simply be the result of stock buybacks. 5. 5 Augment your outline with other financial ratios. The debt to equity ratio should never be used alone.For example, if a companys debt to equity ratio is quite high, you might reasonably touch on about their ability to service their debt. To address this concern, you can also analyze the firms interest coverage ratio, which is the companys operating income divided by debt servi ce payments. A high operating income will allow even a debt-burdened firm to meets its obligations. Capital Structure issue forth Debt to Total Equity 40. 13 Total Debt to Total Capital 28. 64 Total Debt to Total Assets 17. 66 long-run Debt to Equity 31. 57 Long-Term Debt to Total Capital 22. 53

The Trial and Death of Socrates: Linking the Symposium and the Apology

Philosophy, as it is conceived in its classical sense, means love or friendship for wisdom. Although the afore respected conception is the most widely accepted, there is too a nonher eventful conception of philosophy which springs from the Socratic-Platonic Dialogues itself that philosophy is a veritable kind of therapeia that is, the caution of whizzs soul.Socrates himself believes that the care of ones soul should be our finis concern as human beings. Thereby, declaring that the unexamined spiritedness is not worth living. Socrates trial and death as it is recorded by Plato in the Apology is one of the attestations of Socrates commitment to philosophy as the care of the soul and the kind of life which is most appropriate for human beings to live. It is eventful to note that Socrates death could sire been avoided if, after hearing the charges against him by his accusers Anytus and Meletus, have opted to admit that his teachings are wrong and go on a volunteer exile but to do so would mean damaging his let soul and turning his back away from the truth two things that Socrates is deep committed to.This paper seeks to explore how the Symposium parallels the charges against Socrates in the Apology. In the Apology, Plato seeks to provide an sum up of Socrates trial and death the emphasis of which is Socrates defense before the Athenian jurors. It is of utmost importance that we bear in mind that the Greek word apology means defense if we are to arrive at a glutted understanding of the dialogue. The Symposium, on the other hand, deals with two very important topics the record of love and of knowledge.In the Apology, there are three main reasons as to wherefore Socrates was put on trial. These whitethorn be called as the formal charges against Socrates. In Paul Millets book, it is clearly stated Meletos has brought this charge and lodged this affidavit against Socrates Socrates has baffled the law by not acknowledging the gods whom the state ackno wledges and introducing new daimonic things. He has similarly broken the law by subverting the young. The penalty should be death.(34) The foregoing line of achievement lays down the formal charges against Socrates. Although scholars are divided in many issues concerning the purportedly historical account provided by Plato, I think it is unfair ground upon the available data that there is no underlying governmental schedule behind Socrates trial and death. There are a number of reasons as to why Socrates may have many enemies. First of all, there is Socrates gifted activities and reputation.Being the philosopher that he is, speculating, asking questions and probing into other multitudes beliefs, it is not difficult to see that these activities offended a lot of his interlocutors especially people who are considered as knowledgeable and learned during his time. Second, Socrates associations are very frequently dangerous during that time. One may be reminded of Socrates uncle Charmides, and Critias both members of the Thirty Tyrants.Socrates is to a fault associated with Alcibiades, another disreputable figure and also one of the key persons in the Symposium. In point of fact, such personal association with these figures is dangerous because of the political climate of the time. This is because during that time, the pot of power in capital of Greece is very more unstable (Brickhouse and Smith 19). Such being the case, Socrates may be state to be in a very difficult situation.This is because capital of Greece (at least, those who were in power during that time) is very critical of those personalities who can influence another excitation and shift in the balance of power. Socrates intellectual activities made the youth of Athens ask questions. All of a sudden, things that are not questioned in the retiring(a) are now being questioned. For some, such activities are considered dangerous and change as corrupting the youth of Athens. Socrates then, is c onsidered as a threat to Athens and democracy.In the Symposium, we can identify an instance where Socrates questions the gods. As they were discussing love, Socrates presents a view which may be said to run against the Athenian law (and this may be related to the first formal charge against Socrates, that is, of not worshipping the gods). As Socrates makes mention of Diotimas view about love and his agreement to her, one may say that Socrates is open to talking about and even questioning the set apart and profane.It is important to note that in the past, these things are not the type of things that is openly discussed especially in terms of questioning the gods. In the same dialogue, Symposium that is, one may notice that Alcibiades is very much attracted to Socrates and is al slipway making ways to be alone with him. If Platos account is accurate, however, Socrates was able to make manifest his exceptional self-control and discipline not only in conceit but also in bodily pleasur es.In the final analysis, two important aspects offer us a tenable position as to why Socrates was put to trial and death. First, it is plausible to maintain that it is primarily because of his intellectual activities and philosophical teachings/convictions as the gadfly of Athens. Second, it is also plausible to maintain that those in the seat of power became very much in doubt of Socrates because of his personal associations with the infamous political figures of the time associated with or members of the Thirty Tyrants and traitors.The first and the second reasons may be sum up in one idea that Socrates avocation of the truth and his openness to talk about and question even the heavenly and the profane poses a threat to Athens and democracy. Works Cited Brickhouse, Thomas and Nicholas Smith. Socrates on Trial. US Oxford University Press, 1990. Millet, Paul. The Trial of Socrates Revisited. European Review of History 12 (2005) 23-62 Reeve, C. D. C. Socrates in the Apology An Es say on Platos Apology of Socrates. US Hackett Publishing, 1990.

Issues in the Mock Negotiation Problem Essay

Being a member of the Local 5000 in this whole project I could point out numerous things that constrain the employees at Auto Products Corporation want things better. There seems to be issues at the Indianapolis plant concerning over epoch, premium manufacture, and even subcontracting instead of using their beat in employees to do the bl block off in. What I eat besides gotten from this mock talks is that in the past(a), the conjunction and perplexity have been satis figurey.Different viewpointsI have not had a very good experience with my groupmates on this project. I check into that this shouldve been a fun project plainly it has been very stressful to me. As far as different viewpoints I relish again as though Ive done this whole project by myself because everything I posted the totally response I received just about of the time is sounds good, I agree, good idea. I could go on and on about how my views differed from my aggroupmates or how I feel identical I had no encourage in the dialog. I also feel as though I played the role of secretary and chairman in this project but over each I am well-to-do with the final results on our issues raised to prudence.Research ProvidedResearch was volunteerd for my team by me concerning the topical senior(a)ity clause, required extra time, and the issues concerning the go withs right to subcontract. The wedding treasured to stick to the on- loss seniority clause, which counsel agreed, because it isnt reli competent that junior employees stinker come in before a senior at the partnership to take the place of a job when a senior employee is bear on to fill the position. I provided the by-line research to my team from the textbook In m to each one contracts, seniority governs promotions when a senior employee is qualified to fill the position in question. Under early(a)s, seniority becomes the determining factor in promotions when the senior has the world power for the job in question equal to that of all other employees who may desire the better job.(Text page359) Sticking with the current seniority clause will en received that positions argon filled properly.Also, in the taunt Negotiation it states that the comp each has the right to require overtime in the existing contract but there was an issue raised by the employees that the supervisor isnt fair and that they have been giving their friends the opportunity to sop up the extra money and discriminating against the other employees. For this issue I provided the following research from the textbook The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 places no obstruction on employees to work more than than 40 hours in a workweek, other than the employees who work more than 40 hours must be paid at least one and one-one-half times their regular rate of pay for all hours in excess of 40 hours. The textbook also states that when a supervisor makes an error in the regard of offering his/her friends to work overtime and disc riminating others the employer may be faced with a scotch shootd by the employee and ask for the amount of money he/she would have earned if he/she wouldve worked.Also, the situation of paying(a) for the same work twice at overtime rates.(text pages288-290) This could be a major disaster if the go with doesnt trap this and if it isnt then(prenominal) many possible grievances can still be filed. On the issues concerning the ships companys right to subcontract, in the negotiation it state that for many years each skilled tradesperson has worked only at heart his or her trade and five months ago the company required a artisan to do a job normally performed by a plumber. A grievance was filed and the arbitrator sustained the position of the wedding on the creation of the past practice principle. I provided the following research from the textbook for my team The merger should ask the the company add a subcontracting section in the labor correspondence.The textbook gives an example of a subcontracting section in a labor agreement that states whenever the company contemplates contracting out any grammatical case of work normally performed by a maintenance employees, it shall inform the President, Chairman, and grudge military commission and the affected Shop Steward of its intentions prior to making a last to award the contract.(text page389)This would be great considering for many years the company had each skilled tradeperson working only within his or her trade.When the company required a mechanic for a job that normally was performed by a plumber the employee and marriage ceremony filed a grievance. The company should stick with past practice and continue to keep their tradepeople working only within his or her trade. If not then workrightspress.com states that stewards can do the following Past practices grievances are well suited for group action. Unions can Encourage numbers of workers to file grievances on the matter Distribute leaflets ab out the dis inducte Circulate petitions employ meetings during breaks Picket before or by and by work or during breaks ( creation sure not to interfere with employees, suppliers, or shippers) Also in the textbook, the example also states that the Union retains the right to examine any existing or impudent subcontracting agreement for the purposes of checking wage scales and the specific work contracted.(text page389) These are great things we could put in the subcontracting section of the labor agreement. Also in the subcontracting section in the labor agreement, I think the legal jointure should also ask that limitations be put in place such as 1. Requiring the employer to have an agreement that subcontractors will be used only on special occasion ( where specialized equipment that isnt on company premises is required or where special skills are needed )2. No-layoff guarantees to current employees (as in no employee of any craft, which craft is being utilized by an outside con tractor, shall be put off as long as the outside contractor is in the plant doing work that employees in such craft are able to do. 3. Provisions giving the union veto power over any or all subcontracting 4. Requirements that the management prove to the union that time, expense, or preparation considerations prevent it from allowing current employees to perform the work. (text page388)The Local 5000 Union DemandsAfter practice the Mock Negotiation the union decided on the following motives chiefly on the issues raised in the negotiation. The union has developed the following demands concerning the Mock Negotiation at Auto Products Corporation for the Indianapolis plant 1. The union will not permit any change in the health check checkup indemnification program. The union wants to fight for better emolument packages, which would include a 401K and also better medical amendss. In the current contract, the medical insurance program does not cover employees that are situated off for more than 30 consecutive days and 80% of the employees laid off, have been laid off for longer than 30 consecutive days.We would equivalent to ask that management remove this and also still cover the employees on layoff, visits to medico offices, hospitals, and emergency rooms up to 60 days. 2. The union would also like to ask the company add a 401k, the union would ask that the company match dollar for dollar what the employees decide to put into their 401k.This will servicing employees retirement. We would also like to administer an Employee Stock Ownership Program which entitles employees 5 shares of company stock yearly. 3. The union would also like to stick with the current seniority clause that provides for promotions based on length of service and ability. If the company ascertains that promotions are bid for on a departmental basis then the department that has the position open should be outsmarttable to the candidate within the company that has seniority bas ed on length of service and ability before a junior employee. 4. The union would also like to handle the current contract about required overtime.The union insists on paying employees time-and-a-half while working these days and insisting that the company use a volunteer method when selecting the employees to work on these days. 5. I think that the union should also place a restriction on the companys right to subcontract. No subcontracting can occur when skilled trades are available to do the work. When the company contemplates contracting out any type of work normally performed by a company employee, it shall inform the President, Chairman, and Grievance Committee and the affected Shop Steward of its intentions prior to making a decision to honor the contract allowing the company to subcontract only if, all of their profess personal resources have been exhausted. 6. As part of the union, I would also like recommend placing demands on management to allow for a supplementary unemp loyment welfare program to help confused workers.The first is supplementing the unemployment benefits of various state unemployment insurance systems. Second is allowing further income to still unemployed workers after state payments have been exhausted. Without sub pay, laid off workers will start looking for late employment and will most likely be unavailable to show to their original position when an opening occurs. We would also like to remind you that a sub pay clause can catch the attention of the most talented people looking for jobs, people like to work for companies that take care of their employees. Also asking management to supplement the union employees unemployment benefits (while laid off through no fault of their own) and allow for up to 90% of their original pay for a maximum of 52 weeks. 7. I would like to recommend the union demand the removal of the no-strike clause because grievance procedures in some cases seem to not work like they should. I believe a strik e or slowdown might help convince management that something needs to change.8. The union would also like an yearly wage increase for all workers along with adjusting the escalator clause in the current contract. The current contract provides for a $.03 increase in proceeds for each .4-point increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). We as the union ask that the company provides a $0.10 increase in wages for each 0.5-point increase in the CPI. I feel these demands were adequate for negotiations because these demands will benefit our employees and fix the problems that are going on at the plant. Although not all were agreed on the only demand that didnt even get a second look would be adding a supplemental unemployment benefits for dislocated workers. Which I understand this is due to APCs current cost due to the current loan the company has just borrowed.The Bargaining partition offGoing into this negotiation the union, in all, knew that APC would test and change the medical bene fits for their employees. Our demand states that we werent going to accept any change to the medical benefits but our plan was to ask for this and negotiate in permitting the company to only pay 80% of medical be throughout the new contract. wariness and the union chairperson, Ziaria, agreed that the company pay for 65% of medical costs throughout the course of the new contract. Our final result was close to what we were original to in the first place so Id say we accomplished what we wanted in the bargaining zone for this demand. Another demand in which we knew that management would counter on would be the current No-Strike article in the current contract. The union requested that this clause be remove and management wouldnt accept this claiming Auto Product Corporation is a production company.Feasibly, we are not able to produce the volumes of quality part for our vendors when the company is being disrupted with strikes and work slowdowns. Our Local unions file grievances for their members and they go through the process. The contract contains a standard grievance procedure and provide for arbitration for all disputes arising under the contract. The company, with the help of its 3800 employees wants to remain vital to the community, vendors and families of our employees we can only be effective, if we are producing quality parts. But, the entire time, the union knew this wasnt going to work and Paul had mentioned a No-Sue section to be added which management had no problem with. Our bargaining limits on this were accomplished with ease considering management said they had no problem adding this as long as the union was not directly involved or instigating a strike or slowdown.The Negotiation ProcessOverall I would have to say that the negotiation process was somewhat difficult in the beginning because management was ungratified with our demands refusing pretty much all of them. I feel like the union was more willing to negotiate but that could be because our intention was the employees and the managements goal was reducing costs. For example, the union and management went back and forth on change magnitude the amount of stewards to job families, trying to reduce stewards from having 60 to 20 and fall the amount of time they have to do grievance work daily. The union and management also went back and forth on non-productive time. Management wanted employees to clock out for lunch and then only have a 5 minute paid wash up at the end of their shift. The union agreed on clocking out for lunch but wanted to keep the 10 minute wash up and management wouldnt accept this until the very end of negotiations. Besides these two matters, the negotiation process went rather smoothly.My personal thoughtsThere are things that I privation would have went differently. For example, my teammates shouldve contributed more to discussions. I feel as though I was constantly waiting on a response from them and more than half the time I would only hear from Paul and as I discussed earlier he would respond mainly with I agree which gives me no other viewpoints or if I should have done things differently. Or, the would respond after deadlines to where I couldnt change anything. Then, Ziaria, not being in hardly any of our discussions goes in the boardroom and conducts negotiations without even consulting with me or Paul. I understand though that you cant always choose your teammates.Conclusion to begin with conducting these negotiations I went into this thinking I wanted to be on a management team because I have always had this view of unions being dramatic. Instead, my views now are more pro-union because this negotiation has taught me that unions are there for your rights as an employee. When management tries to change the contract, you as an employee, should want the union there to try and get the best possible outcomes for all employees because management is just going to try and cut costs any way they can. Overall I found thi s project to be interesting and informative on the things that real companies negotiate on.ReferencesThe Mock Negotiation Problem. Sloane, Arthur A., Witney, Fred. Labor Relations. Prentice Hall- Pearson Education, 2012. 435-440. Work Rights Press. How to take in Past Practice Grievances. n.d. 16 November 2012 .

Marriage and Obedient Christian Head Essay

For almost 4 years I was married to a beautiful and adulterous woman. In name of our friends and acquaintances and the public, we were a perfect couple. We held hold when at comedy shows and in malls. We kissed anywhere and everywhere, no matter who was reflexion or whose paths we crossed. But when night fell on any condition evening, my beautiful married woman would leave only to return in the realise hours of the morning, just before daylight. What a lovely person she was when we on the township together.I admit that I hung in there for almost devil years and was the good husband and obedient Christian head. I ran my companies from home and rarely met clients in person, opting to use Skype for my meetings. When I approached my wife approximately going to church and seeing a marriage counselor, she balked and I matt-up abandoned. Too much of that began to make me feel worthless, helpless, and heartbroken.And then came the need to experience attention and a woman who would sh ow me appreciation and value things my wife did not or could not. I began to meet clients out in lounges and at happy hours. Or travel everywhere out of state, or the demesne to find other women who would welcome this gentleman. I stayed out until daylight umpteen nights. Bedded many women. Travelled on many excursions with strange women.In final, after a sadistically short marriage and nasty divorce, I came to terms with the way I react to pain. Ashamed am I to ready turned to my ex-wifes ways. Ashamed am I to have left(a) my obedience to the Lord. Ashamed am I to have to write astir(predicate) the truth. Though, I know, now, that I would be better if I was ever cheated on again.

Ap World History Curriculum Framework Questions

1. In what way do we see the expansion of the winding Empire (or the Muslim Caliphates) facilitating Trans-Eurasian spate & communication? answer give examples of conquered quite a weensy being drawn into their conquerors economies & trade networks) * Byzantine Empire use of the gold coin, the bezant, facilitated trade and communication by creating a standard currency by which all peoples could expect to trade with Balkan Slavic peoples came under Byzantine approach pattern and was drawn into the trade network became trading partners with new(prenominal) towns that were smaller in size such as Florence of Italy, facilitating long-distance trade * Muslim Caliphates everywhere, at that place was a huge incentive to convert to Islam because of the massive trade theater of operations that was created as a result of the religion in various countries, Muslim religion provided links for trading partners (such as in West Africa) when Moslem empire conquered India, invigorated products were introduced (crops) which posterior spread into Africa and Uerope 2. What examples do you see of cross-cultural interactions resulting in the diffusion of scientific & technological traditions? Byzantine Empire when china finally opened its doors, m whatever atomic number 63ans such as Marco Polo visited there and impris angiotensin converting enzymed many ideas about Chinese culture, writing about them and eventually transport those ideas back to Europe * Muslim Caliphates Greek thinking (science and medical texts, as well as philosophy) contri provideded towards Arab scholarship, and its thinking about the natural sciences and philosophy 3. by-line the collapse of empires (most notably Roman), the Byzantine Empire constituted a bran-new government. Give examples of the way that traditional sources of power & legitimacy combined with innovations in governance to produce a govt better suited to its tidy sum (ie patriarchy, religion, or land-owning elites combin ing with new methods of taxation, tributary carcasss, or adaptation of apparitional institutions). Byzantine Empire it kept up(p) a Roman style of alter imperial court that was based in Constantinople it set up a caesaropapism where the emperor was both the head of the assert as well as the head of the church as appointed by God maintained many social transcriptions such as taxation and the church in the 11-13th centuries, there was a leap in urbanization and economic growth, which direct to many new chances for women to leave their domestic breedingstyles to seek more urban professions * Western Europe the Roman Catholic Church was separate from the state the pope held religious post magical spell the emperor headed the state system of feudalism ensured loyalty in the chaos-ridden world of that time * China centralized, unmarried cities landowners were given privileges by the government earlier than merchants, as merchants were viewed as inert people who gained pr ofit through the works of others 4. Do you see any examples of innovations in agriculture or industrial deed? ie extraneous luxury goods & crops like sugar & citrus being grown in new regions) * Byzantine Empire adopt various mathematical, scientific and philosophical theories of the Arabs and India adopted the technology from China papermaking, pulverisation, as well as the grip and much nautical technology heavy whee guide plow that was neutered to suit the environment could handle the thicker soil of Northern Europe relied on horses and used horseshoes probably from China or Central Asia system of three field crop rotation adopted silk making techniques and became one of the main producers of silk developed cannons as a result of the introduction of gunpowder * Muslim Caliphates new crops introduced in India which were spread well-nigh the empire such as cotton and sugarcane (two crops had a very complex exertion process, and in the rush to produce it, slavery quickly in tensified adopted ancient Persian water-drilling techniques, rockets from China, and papermaking techniques all from China developed a serial of math concepts such as algebra, scientific advances such as in medicine and pharmacology 5.What factors do you see that contributed to the decline of urban beas (possible answers little ice age, invasions, disease, decline of agricultural activity give examples of this) * western Christendom around 476, much that had characterized Roman civilization too weakened, declined or disappeared in the several(prenominal) centuries before and after any semblance of large-scale centralized territorial dominion vanished, disease and warfare reduced Western Europes nation by more than 25% land being cultivated shrunk, while wasteland expanded urban life diminished as Europe reverted to a largely rural existence buildings crumbled from lack of care, and outside Italy, trade routes died out * eastern Christendom decline in urbanization because of the threat of invade of outsiders slavs, arabs, latin crusaders and turks progressively disrupted the empire through simple perceptiveness or military conquests swelling of Constantinoples population was not growth, but because many people chased from their region by Byzantiums enemies sought-after(a) refuge in Constantinople 6. Do you see continuities & changes in social structures, exertion management? ( agitate free peasant agriculture, nomadic pastoralism, craft production, guild organization, unfree labor & govt enforced labor taxes, military obligations? * China create a bureaucracy that managed public works Tang and Song dynasty see a revolution that made it the richest, most skilled and most populous country on earth industrial production soared in both small and large scale enterprises, Chinas iron insert increased dramatically produced things for the market rather than for local consumption outgrowth use of paper money led to the increase in output, population, sk ills and led to a burst of inventiveness * Byzantine Empire agriculture production arranged around two centers estate and village distinctions between landholders and live farmers guilds of specified jobs introduced a new and more productive division of labor * Roman Empire coercive labor system (slavery) 7. Give examples of new forms of coerced labor. Give examples of free peasants resisting attempts to raise dues & taxes (ie revolts in Byzantine empire or China). Give examples of the increased demand for slaves (for both military & domestic purposes) in spite of appearance Central Eurasia, & Eastern Mediterranean. within the new, fragmented and decentralized kingdoms of the Western Christendom, a social system known as feudalism emerged lesser lords and knights swore committedness to greater lords or kings Roman style slavery gave way to serfdom unlike slaves, serfs were not the personal property of their overpowers, couldnt be thrown off land and were allowed to live in families, but they were bound to their masters estates as peasant laborers and owed various payments and services to the lord of the manor house * Byzantine Empire highly regulated slavery natural state of humanity is freedom, but legality of nations may supersede natural law and reduce certain people to slavery basic definition of a slave was anyone whose mother was a slave, anyone who has captured in battle, and anyone who has sold himself to pay a debt, but it was possible to become free * Abbasid Empire had an army henpecked by slave soldiers mamluks originally soldiers captures in central Asia, but after boys specifically taken or bought to be trained as soldiers later dissolved their loyalty to their masters and established themselves as the ruling dynasty * Islamic slaves directed at the service sector concubines, cooks, porters and soldiers form of consumption rather than a factor of production many more fe masculine than male slaves 8. In what ways do we see ge nder relations and family life being affected by religious conversion? may not be many examples in Europe, but several in other areas weve already studied) * Song dynasty, reviving Confucianism tightened patriarchal restriction on women to express images of female submission and passivity emphasized the subordination of women and men and the unavoidableness to keep them separate * Spread of Christianity opened new opportunities for women to become nuns/ associate a convent, offered relative freedom from male control where women could exercise authority and gain some semblance of education * What rise of Islam meant for women is highly disputable on a spiritual level, the Quran states explicitly that women and men are equals, but on a social level, they were viewed as subordinate, especially in marriage sometimes it helped women banned infanticide, gave women control over property/inheritance, postulate a womens consent for marriage etc. , but also diminished their social role s as there were growing restrictions on women

Personal Classroom Management Plan Essay

My personal philosophy of folk board precaution of a pre prepare or elementary school settings that it requires several things scratch, of all in all you pee-pee to affirm patience, determination, and motivation. You energize to be flexible, careful in proviso, and existence rattling consistence. You keep to be prepared and ready to pick sullen your schoolroom from solar twenty-four hour period one. Classroom does non come well-managed you have to mold yourself and your assistant to suspensor your classroom be well-managed.I present myself as a representative gravel be contract it processs you with the parents, and the community beside the students that e trulyone gets involve to help make the school and the students galosh and keep them under control. This is when I would use Wongs Model because it helps you manage your classroom from the very root day of school. This would help me prepared myself forwhats to come and how I would implement my lessons and rules for the classroom as well as the students. You come up with a technique to teach the kids and go everyplace it restateedly. Especially the ages that I teach because they are vernal from ages 2 1/2to 4 years old so, you depart have to implement it more than(prenominal) than once.I would also use the Win-Win Discipline as well, because if you have students in you classroom that is constantly gives you conundrums or have trouble listen you cause this method to help meet the deeper selects of the students and respond to the causes of misbehavior in addition to eliminating interruption in the classroom. I want to help my students not call them out or label them as a problem tiddler or student. This is just a portion of my philosophy to help me manage my classroom in a bankrupt why. These resources were very stabilising and I hope to use it in my classroom to get a positive feedback. EDU 450 Classroom processsProgram of Study Early Childhood upbringingProcedure 1Entering the ClassroomObjectiveTo create a classroom environment that is conducive to learning the moment class take offs.When summons go forth be awardd, rideed, and dod and its frequency instructor leave break in the action on the showtime day of school. instructor leave behind homunculus the bit at the set out of class for the first hebdomad of school. Students go forth practice this use a few clippings the first day until satisfactory. teacher and students allow repeat when reinforcement is needed or when radical students join the class. mind and Feedbackteacher get out watch for the students that learn the go correctly and get out positively reinforce the students.Procedure travel or Activity1. Walk in quietly (entering a new zone)2. effect things away (backpack, coats)3. Ask to go to a center (blocks, housekeeping) etc.Procedure 2Preparing for Circle eraObjectiveTo optimize time for hunch overledge and create a classroom environment that is conducive to lear ning.When procedure allow for be introduced, modeled, and practiced and its frequency instructor forget introduced the procedure the first day of school. Teacher will model the procedure at the beginning of circle time for the first week of school. Teacher will practice the procedure the first couple of days until satisfied. Teacher and students will repeat when reinforcement is needed and as we get new students.Assessment and FeedbackTeacher will watch for the students that pass off the steps correctly and will positively reinforce the students. For the students that is not doing it correctly, teacher will redirect them into doing so.Procedure locomote or Activity1. Teacher will turn off sluttish to let them know how more than time they have until clean up.2. When the time is up, Teacher will clap hands twice.3. Teacher will maintain the students that it is clean up time.4. Teacher will sing a birdsong (Its time to personate the toys away).5. When students are done cleanin g, they will go to the carpet quietly.Procedure 3Fire DrillObjectiveThe students will already know what to do during a ignore drill.When procedure will be introduced, modeled, and practiced and its frequency Teacher will introduce the procedure on the first day of school. Teacher will model the procedure at the beginning of class for the first week of school. Teacher and students will repeat when reinforcement is needed or when new students join the class. Assessment and FeedbackTeacher will watch for students that follow the steps correctly and will positively reinforce the students.Procedure steps or Activity1. Teacher will sound a bell alarming the students that it is a fire drill.2. The students will line up quickly at the exit door.3. Teacher will gather all the necessary items.4. Teacher will draw the students out to safety on the emergency exit.5. Teacher will do a head count on students.6. Teacher and students will stick out in the safety zone until someone comes and let them know it is all clear and safe to go back into the building.Procedure 4Preparing for disassembleObjectiveTo optimize time for instruction, and the students would know what to do during recess time.When procedure will be introduced, modeled, and practiced and its frequency Teacher will introduce the procedure on the first day of school. Teacher will model the procedure at the time of recess for the first week of school. Students will practice this procedure a few times the first week of school until satisfactory. Teacher and students will repeat when reinforcement is needed or when new students join the class.Assessment and FeedbackTeacher will watch for the students that follow the steps correctly and will positively reinforce the students.Procedure Steps or Activity1. Teacher will turn the light off alarming the students how much time they have until cleaning up the centers.2. When the time has come, the teacher will clap her hands three times.3. Students will begin to clean up their centers.4. Once students are done, they sit on the carpet.5. Teacher will call on students one by one to put on coats.6. When it is time, teacher has the students to line up to go outside.Procedure 5Preparing for LunchObjectiveTo optimize time for instruction, and the students would know what to do during luncheon time.When procedure will be introduced, modeled, and practiced and its frequency Teacher will introduce the procedure the first day of school. Teacher will model the procedure before lunch time for the first week of school. Teacherwill practiced the procedure a few times the first day until satisfactory. Teacher and students will repeat when reinforcement is needed or when new students join the class.Assessment and FeedbackTeacher will watch for students that follow the steps correctly and will positively reinforce the students.Procedure Steps or Activity1. Students comes in from outside, they take off their coats.2. Students are indeed to sit down on the rug.3. Teacher will call 3 to 4 students everyplace to wash their hands.4. Students are to return to rug.5. Teacher will call students to table when lunch is ready.Rules and ConsequencesPart One1. Come to class prepared and ready to fiddle.2. Have a winning attitude.3. Everyone deserves respect.4. Use course words at all times.5. Do your very best.6. Have sportswoman while you learn.The consequences for every action is that for the first, law-breaking is the students will get a verbal warning and I will talk with them about in that respect behavior, the students will know that we do not tolerate that image of behavior. countenance offence is that I would call their parents to have a parent teacher conference to speak with them about their squirt behavior in the classroom. name a plan on what we cornerstone do together as a team so it would not happen again. Third offence is that the students will be sent to the office and probably would be suspend for a day out of school. If itis the third offence and they forget their cookery I would call the student parents and explain the situation of their child and would have the student take 10-15 minutes from recess time to make their work up. As a teacher will let the students know what type of behavior that I tolerate in my classroom on the very first day. I will print out a counterpart of the rules for the students to put in their agenda, and one for the parents to keep at home. Once we have practiced the rules for the classroom, I would have the students to recite it aloud once a week to earn extra points.CommunicationI would communicate with my parents through with(predicate) with(predicate) newsletter. Through a newsletter the parent will know what their child is doing weekly. The newsletter will have the lesson that we would learn for the week, any of import announcements, and what important meetings or announcement that is up coming. I would also communicate with the parents through phone by letting the m know each week how their child is doing, what they have accomplished so far, and if they need help in any subject. Finally, I would communicate with my parents through email, because every parent do not have a phone, so if they have a computer they nooky also see what their child is doing and what we have coer so far. I will have a tutorial set up for parents that need help with different lesson to be able to help their child be successful and excel further in their education.Student Engagement StrategiesThe teacher must use varied viewpoints, theory ways of knowing, and methods of question in teaching subject matter concepts. First, one way the teacher can engage strategies is to simply the lesson for the students and give them an opportunity to help find themselves as well as the answer. Second, you can use comics and graphic novels to engage young boys more than girls, into reading. Images are powerful, so young boys are very enkindle in it. The teachers can develop a compl ex discussion from a simple idea and help stimulate students captious thinking. Finally, teachers must engage students in generating knowledge and testing hypotheses according to the methods of inquiry and standards of evidence used in the discipline. I would use this image when I am teaching circle time or morning session. Thisis teaching the students there ABCs, days of the week, and colors with shapes, just to name a few.I would use this image when I want the students to ask questions quietly and not all at one time talking over each other. I would post this in my circle time bailiwick reminding them what to do when they have a questions to ask.ProfessionalismTo be professional with each of the next with students, parents, co workers and administrators is to be able to multi task. Inspire the trust of your clients of your students and parents. First, impression from the first day of school year is very important. Dress like a professional. Teachers should arrive at work looki ng the part. Always be on time, if you arrive 10 to 15 minutes before work is being on time. You will have time to prepare and go over your lesson before your class starts.Follow procedures and the protocol expected at your school. Professionals hug the corporate identity and values and model these for the clients in this case, the children they teach. tamp trip of your classroom, you have to let the students know from the very first day of school what you want from them and the rules and consequences for their actions. Take pride in the process and product. Professionally presented to your supervisor your notes and handouts.Never miss a dead line, try to be on time with your assignments, and do not way until the very last minute. diplomacy your colleagues and supervisors with respect. Model respect for authority for your students and gaining their respect will be much easier for you. Be passionate, positive, and enthusiastic about your work. A professional teacher will not cre ate negativity in a staff room or engage in mindless gossip and the spreading of dissent.Take interest in every child. To better you get to know your students, the more influence you have on your students the better their attitude will be toward your subject and on their lives. Consult parents, having them involvewith you for the support of the students and the school the better it will be. Support your colleagues and school management walk the talk. Put the necessitate of the institution above your own. You are one person in a group of professionals who share a common goal and vision.In dealing with my strengths of my students and parents, we need to be passionate, open minded, and honest. You have to let parents know in anyway that you are there for them. You get the parents involve with the students education and as what they have questions about. As for co- workers, you just be respectful to one another. follow the gossip to yourself and stay away from negativity. For admini strators you have to be professional at all times, by dressing appropriate, being on time, have and open- mind.The sphere that I can improve in is being more open- minded, by letting my students be more involved in help planning the lesson and activity in the classroom. Let the parents be more involved by asking questions for example what would they like to see more from their students in the classroom settings. Set up computer tutorial classes for the parents that do not know how to work the computer.The importance of being professional is a multi-task, because you have to be professional in many different ways, dress appropriate have people person skills, be polite, be a quick idea and have individuals that are able to demonstrate professional attitude both(prenominal) in the office and in the field.

The Military in New Kingdom Egypt

rationalize the role and importance of the phalanx in impudent res publica Egypt. In New Kingdom Egypt, the military became genuinely important. The army evolved from being a disorganised band of conscripted peasants into a lethal, professional step upfit well equip and ready for combat. Egypt became the most(prenominal) expansionist it had even been in its history. The emergence of Egypts army started in the 18th Dynasty when Ahmose expelled the Hyksos from Egypt. Tuthmosis I and Tuthmosis III and also Ramses II and Ramses III further honored Egypts military strength in campaigns ranging from Nubia to Syria.Prior to the New Kingdom in Egypt, the countrys military was an unprofessional group made up at different propagation of peasants, Nubian and Greek mercenaries and the Kings personal troops. In the New Kingdom, this changed dramatically. For the graduation exercise prison term Egypt had a standing army, and being a soldier brought prestigiousness and social standing as it had not done in the past. With the advances in the way the army was made up, there were also major advances in the equipment they used. For the first time body armour was used, as well as the sickle sword.During the 18th Dynasty in Egypt, Ahmose brought military to the fore of Egyptian life. He was the first king of the 18th Dynasty and probably command from 1539-1514 BC. Ahmose round outed Avaris and subsequently the Palestinian fortress of Sharuhen to end the Hyksos reign over Egypt. Ahmose wherefore turned to Nubia and Egypts land grew due south to the Second Cataract. After this Ahmose returned his attentions to nirvana and may throw away led campaigns as far as the Euphrates. Tuthmosis I followed soon after Ahmoses reign and was highly trained in military practises.He scarce ruled for a short time around 1493-1481 BC. only Tuthmosis I was a very effective general and in some(prenominal) campaigns, Tuthmosis I reached Argo, the Third Cataract, in Nubia and also the Euphrates River while matching the Syrians. He also defended Egypts colonies against the Mitanni people. Tuthmosis III was also very focussed on military. It is possible he spent most of his younger years in the military as his stepm otherwise and regent, Hatshepsut, took over the rule of Egypt when Tuthmosis III was only very young.Tuthmosis III only took over the governance of Egypt when Hatshepsut finally died, leaving him wanton to take his rightful place. He ruled from around 1504-1450 BC, although for part of that time Hatshepsut may have been ruling. How incessantly so once Tuthmosis III was king of Egypt, he led many successful military campaigns. He has even been referred to as the Napoleon of Egypt. In the battle for Megiddo, Tuthmosis III led his troops to fight through a narrow pass where soldiers could only march maven file.When the army emerged from the canyon it was discovered that the opposite troops has arranged their lines expecting an attack from the two easier routes, and the Egyptians subsequently defeated their enemy in battle. In other wars, Tuthmosis III and his army marched from Thebes along the Syrian coast and captured three cities. every year after that, Egypts armies would march against Syria until dominance over Palestine was established. Tuthmosis III recorded the capture of 350 cities at Karnak and he finally took the Syrian city Kadesh in his 42nd year of rule.The military continued to shoo-in a part in Egypts affairs during the New Kingdom with Ramses II. He was part of the 19th Dynasty and ruled from 1279-1213 BC. His most well cognize campaign was the Battle of Kadesh, although he brilliantly maintained Egypts borders against the Sherden (pirates) and created a defensive line of forts along Egypts north western border. Ramses II also made a peace treaty with the Hittites, which led to Egypt prosper greatly. Further much, Ramses II secured the kingdom of Amurru to return to Egyptian influence, as it had been lost during his contracts reign.However the Battle of Kadesh was his most famous, although was neither a conquest scarcely more of a loss for the Egyptians. Ramses II advanced on the Hittite army from the south, but was led to believe by captured enemy scouts that the Hittites were still far away to the north. Ramses set up camp only to find that the Hittites had already arrived for battle, and tried to hurry the rest of his army forward. However, 2 500 Hittites ambushed them as they tried to meet up with Ramses forces and were defeated. The Hittites then attacked Ramses and his troops. match to documentation, Ramses almost single handedly held off the Hittites. However it may be the nerve that the Hittites were simply distracted by the riches in the camp. Ramses was then salvage by the appearance of the Nearin, another body of troops, which Ramses had separated in order to approach Kadesh from the north. The armies may have fought again the next day, but the end result of the conf lict was the peace treaty between the Egyptians and the Hittites. This then prevented Egypt from ever taking control of Kadesh.Ramses III was the last great Pharaoh of Egypt and ruled in the 20th Dynasty from 1184-1153 BC. In Ramses IIIs reign, the Libyans attacked in the south but were crushed by the Egyptian army. However Ramses and Egypt had a more powerful threat to deal with the sea People, who had destroyed the Hittite empire. The Sea People moved in to Egypt from Syria with the intention of settling. Luckily for Egypt Ramses was quick to intrust his army to fend off the Sea Peoples and the crisis was averted at least for a time.Next the Sea People approached from the sea, a cleaver move considering Egypts poor naval force. However again Egypt fended off this attack and deliver itself once more. Ramses again proved himself an effective general while fend for from another attack from the Libyans and Meshwesh which left 2 000 enemy soldiers dead on the battlefield. However o nce the New Kingdom collapsed Egypt lost most (if not all) of its colonies and was mostly ruled by foreigner. No one ever saw the likes of what occurred in the New Kingdom again.The military in New Kingdom Egypt was an organised and prestigious machine unlike anything that Egypt had seen before. Several Pharaohs stood out from the rest in terms of what they did for Egypt Ahmose, who expelled that Hyksos Tuthmosis I and Tuthmosis III who led campaigns in Nubia, Argo, Syria and Kadesh Ramses II and Ramses III were both excellent generals who maintained Egypts borders and fought to maintain the existence of Egypt. During New Kingdom Egypt the military became more important than it had ever been in the last years of power of the worlds most fantastic nations.

The Costs of Extending Sea Defences at Walton-on-the-Naze are too high and the Benefits are too small

Walton is the s fall outheastward of England part of the t profess is situated on a headland called the Naze.To labour to Walton we allow go across the Orwell Bridge and along the A12, then we will travel onto the A113 and then go onto the B1033 and then up to Walton. This whole voyage is fifty kilometres approximately. in that location is map of Walton andthe route to it on page 3Walton has got a colourful background* The earliest human re primary(prenominal)s be at Walton be dated back to the Neolithic period of 4,000 to 2,500 BC. This was nonice when a large village settlement was found at the Federal end of the Naze.* Romans were the undermentioned to inhabit the Naze.* After the Romans nothing much is cognize intimately the Naze until around 1527 when John St one bought a farm slightly 1km from todays shore constitute out.* In 1924 the Naze was bought and made into a golf course.* In 1939 the k this instantledge domain was interpreted over by the armed forces, w here the first British guided projectile system was developed.* The forces left the Naze in 1947 and it become rough grazing* in the long run in 1963 the Essex County Council and Tendring regularize Council as a public open office bought it.There argon m both different reasons why peck essential to keep up the Naze, firstly, to lose the atomic number 18a would be bad financially, as the bulk who live at that interject subscribe in silver and pay taxes as do the commercees near the area. Secondly, the move offs at the Naze are of geological signifi trampce, it is full of fossilise sharks teeth and wood. Thirdly a helping of migratory birds last and cease their journeys at the Naze. Some of these are often rare, such as Sanderlings, collect Catchers and Little Terns. There are in like manner roughly in truth droll plants growing on the Naze. Many of these plants, birds and fossils are threatened with extinction in Britain.The cliffs at Walton are beingnessne ss eroded in mainly twain ways, the first is slumping, described in the diagram above. The second is when hydraulic fulfil (when the waves are crashing into the cliff) and abrasion (pebbles rocks etc. thrown at cliff), ca wonts undercutting at the fathom of the cliff. This leaves the average of the cliffs unprotected so the cliffs collapse into the ocean. In doing this coursework I am assay to prove or disprove the hypothesis, the costs of extending ocean defence mechanisms at Walton-on-the-Naze are to a fault high and the benefits are too small.Chapter 1coastal Defences at WaltonAt present at that place are three main ways that are utilise to protect the bound, moles, Rip-raps and breakwaters. All three of these cube Longshore Drift (LSD).Longshore Drift on a BeachA jetty is a wall built a little way out into the sea that traps sand, this gibes Longshore Drift, and so sand builds up on one spot of the Groyne so the beach annoys bigger. However, on the otherwise sid e of the groyne, no sand builds up, so the beach is still lost. These cost 10,000 each, and are aimd more than 200 metres apart. So to protect and one kilometre would cost 50,000. A rip-rap is a group of interlocking boulders, which break up the waves, therefore not allowing the waves to erode the cliffs or letting Longshore Drift pip place. These cost 3,500 a metre. Breakwaters are basically just concrete groynes, they stop Long Shore Drift and also break the waves.A Rip-rapI obtain that these methods eat been genuinely successful in stopping Longshore Drift, as you can see from the picture below there is a mess hall of sand.The Beach at range CThe groynes put one across worked and there is a beachTo protect the cliff/promenade different methods swallow also been used. Rock Armour takes most(prenominal) of the energy of the wave as for it not to crash into the cliff and erode it extraneous. The sea wall is probably the most chief(prenominal) method to stop the eating away as it is the most telling, the sea wall reflects waves and withstands waves breaking on it so stopping the promenade being eroded, however it does have to be replaced because over meter it to will get eroded away.The Sea Wall at the PromenadeThis is the most effective technique, just now as you can see from the picture it has been beaten by the waves and has started to erode.Site D is generally the unprotected area. There are in truth no sea defences to stop the erosion and removal of the beach. overly the groynes at the south of this area have made the problem worse. Even though behind the groyne the beach is protected it means less stuff and nonsense heads further down the beach, so beaches further down the coast start to get smaller. This means that the waves concentrate all their energy on the base of the cliffs so they slump. There are very few defences to protect the cliff at office D, only a very old sea wall, an this has started to erode away so it is not really very useful. The methods used havent been successful because basically there are no methods to stop the erosion. That area is very customary with pawl walkers, horse riders and bird watchers. There is a lot of wildlife, a Martello tower, houses, farms and sewage works. So it would not be very good for it not to be there.Chapter 2At sites A, B and C a vast amount of gold has been spent on qualification sea defences and repairing them, and they have been working very well. At Walton there is a very big beach, nearly all the cliffs are not slumping and regular though the defences were expensive, Walton is very economically valuable. If the groynes were never there or had been taken out the resort would have been very different, it would evetually become a ghost township. This is called the negative multiplier effect. This is shown in the diagram labelled The cast out Multiplier Effect.The Slumping Which Will Hopefully Not Happen AnymoreFor Walton to be worth redemptive for economical reasons it has to have lots of sources of income, the most important of these is the beach. The beach is a reason for people to come to the town, and once they use the beach they use the pier, the amusements, the restaurants and the waste centre, all of these things flummox in silver and also all of these wrinklees pay taxes which means the council gets more money, which in annul means the services (health, education, environmental, emergency) get more money so they are better. As the towns services are better then more businesses are attracted to Walton, because of all of these things Walton becomes a thriving tourist town, with lots of money.When the four classes went to Walton we alter in economic and environmental evaluation sheets of the four different sites we visited, for economic 1 was the least(prenominal) valuable and 5 the most, and with environmental 1 was the least environmentally valuable and 5 the most. Then I took an average or 2 classes results. Th en using Excel I made graphical records of these results, I also made graphs of my own, personal results. These are the graphs entitled Bi-Polar environmental/stinting Index Scores or My Own Bi-Polar etc.As you can see from the class average graph for the economic value of Walton and my own results, we all thought that Site A, the Pier Area was the most economically valuable. This is because of the pier and all the amusements on it these all bring in money further it was also the leisure centre and all the restaurants that also bring in money. However I thought that Site B was also very economically valuable while the class average showed it was quite valuable but not as valuable as site A. I felt this because in site B there is the beach, and this is probably the biggest money earner, as without the beach all of the other things would not be there (see Negative Multiplier Effect diagram). Also site B has the beach huts that are quite costly to buy so this would bring in money.Bo th the class graphs and mine show that neither sites C or D are very economically valuable, but these do bring in close to money, sites C and D have a caf, a farm, houses and a sewage works, which all pay taxes to the council, so they are not Brobdingnagianly lacking in economic value.This was completely the diametral for the environmental evaluations, sites C and D scored the highest both in the class graph and mine, but I scored sites C and D slightly higher than the average. I thought they should both score highly because they had had a high scenic quality, the habitat for birds and animals was very good, and the location is important for the study of geology and ecosystems. In site D there is a lot of salt-loving vegetation that helps stop the cliffs decay so if this was taken away they are effectively taking away sea defences. The area is also very popular with bird watchers, dog walkers and horse riders.The hold on The Naze Protection society desperately wants to save the Naze from falling into the sea. On their website they had an article about why the Naze is not being saved.Beaurocracy hinders any real progress to Save the NazeVia the local MP both the Environmental and hereditary pattern departments of the Government has been written to asking for action to save the Naze and the Naze Tower, which is a listed building. The environmental department confirmed its approval for the agreed three sound point scheme to retard erosion but will not finance it saying action needs to come from Tendring rule Council. The Heritage department say it is concerned about losing the Tower but cannot do anything because it is down to the environmental department to do something.They also say Tendring regulate Council should be the organisation taking the initiative. The Chief Executive of Tendring District Council and others have been written to about the major slippages and asking what they intend to do but they still await the results of research expected in s pring 2002. There is a real danger then that they will use results to push aside the currently approved scheme and want to spend more time and money investigating and getting approved alternative schemes. From past carry out this could well take 5 to 10 years in which time the Tower will be lost together with more solid ground of the Naze.The Tower At WaltonTower at risk in next few yearsThe cliff edge at the Tower groyne is now within 25m from the coffeehouse. The cliff edge at this point is now estimated to be around 100m back from the end of the existing sea defence constructed in 1977. This means that erosion here is 4m a year and the cafe and the tower near to it, a Grade II listed building, are in serious danger of being lost in the next both or three years unless something is make soon.The decision whether the Naze is worth saving is very difficult. Both sides have very good arguments whether or not to save the Naze. I think that the Naze is defiantly worth saving, ju st because some sites are not economically valuable, or some are not environmentally valuable, all of the sites are at least one of those. Sites A and B are worth saving for economical reasons and sites C and D are worth saving for environmental reasons.Eventually the whole town will erode away if the sea defences are not ordain in everywhere. There is still a lot of cliff erosion in the unprotected parts of the Naze, as the articles below on the save the Naze website shows.Cliff nerve pathway goes into the seaAnother huge piece of the Naze cliffs has slipped losing a further half acre of public amenity space and causing Tendring District Council to create a new path along the cliff because of the danger to the public. The slippage was at the spot where the centre hard point of the approved coastal defence scheme was to have been offered for which Tendring District Council would not support a submission for lottery funds. This hard point would have saved this from happening. unsou nded Winter pelting takes its toll. This winter the substantial rainfall has caused a great than normal slippage of sections of cliff, particularly at the Tower groyne and mid-way between there and the northern end. The normal high and vicious winter tides have through their worst and carried away tons of the NazeConclusionI have been trying to explore the hypothesis, the costs of extending sea defences at Walton on the Naze are too high and the benefits to small.I do not agree with the hypothesis, I feel that Walton-on-the-Naze is worth saving. I think that sites A, B and C should definitely be saved, this is because without these sites, Walton would have no source of income, site A has the pier, restaurants, caf, amusements, a leisure centre and a car park. All of these pay a business tax that goes into the towns funds, which in turn, helps fund important services (health, emergency, education and environmental).Site B has the most important source of income of all, the beach, wi thout the beach people would not have a reason to come to Walton, the beach not being there would a have a knock-on effect for the rest of the town, this is shown in my negative multiplier effect diagram, labelled Fig.10. Site C is quite a big money earner for the town it has a caf, which pays business tax, houses which pay residential tax, a sewage works and a farm. Also it has a Martello tower, which is a grade 2 listed building, there was an article about the tower on the save the Naze website (fig.15-16), it states that if that area is left and the current rate of erosion stays the same the tower will be through for(p) in 3-5 years.I think that site D should be protected, even though it has no real economic value, the environmental value is great, there are some very rare birds which visit, also some very rare plants grow there as well. The area is very popular with dog walkers and horse riders also once people are pinched to Walton because of the wildlife they may well visit t he town and the pier and spend some money, so even though the Naze itself does not earn any money it is a way to attract people to the town.There was a lot of evidence that helped me come to this conclusion, the evaluation sheets we filled in at Walton (Fig 8 & 9) and the graphs I then made of these results (figs 11-14) were especially helpful to me. They helped me understand what other people felt about saving/not saving the Naze. The Save the Naze website was also very important, it showed some of major slippages that have happened recently, and also that Tendring District Council really dont care about Walton. In one of the articles (fig 17) the website tells of how another huge piece of cliff, along with a footpath fell into the sea, and all the council did was erect another footpath alongside the old one, somewhere along the line individual will be walking on a footpath when it collapses and get killed, then everyone will be saying to the council, why wasnt anything done befor e? They will have no answer.Part of the Cliff That Has travel DownThe most important evidence that helped me to make my decision was the things I saw when we went to Walton, I saw a building that had fallen onto the beach below, where there were no defences, and then to see the site where the defences have been launch and have been working. When we went to Walton it was not a particularly nice day but there were legion(predicate), some(prenominal) people on the beach and again many people in the town itself.EvaluationI used many methods to test the hypothesis these were notes, photographs, field sketches, bi polar graphs and evaluation sheets of each site. The notes and photographs I took were very useful, the photographs really showed the extent of the damage that has been done by erosion and slumping, the sea defences that have been station in place and what is liberation to be destroyed if more sea defences are not put in. The bi-polar graphs and evaluation sheets were also very successful, the class graphs allowed me to see what other people thought about the Naze.There are two other methods I would have liked to use, but were not able to. The first of these is a questionnaire these could have been handed out to walkers and owners of homes and businesses to see how they felt about their council and the place they live being eroded away, this could of enabled me to see if the people of Walton want their town saved. Another way of doing this would be to interview people connected with Walton, someone from the Save the Naze website, someone from the chamber of commerce, someone from the council and owners of homes and businesses. The only problem with this is that it would not give a fair idea, as it is only 4 peoples printing and not 10 times that if we sent out questionnaires.In presenting my work, I word-processed my text, added a lot of photographs and used the Internet to find some sources of discipline from the Save the Naze website. I feel that my work was well presented, as I word-processed everything it looks a lot neater as there are no mistakes and the pages are numbered so to not mix up the pages. One method I would like to have used was Microsoft PowerPoint, so I could show things e.g. How to get to Walton and how slumping happens, in 3.D to help understand what slumping is.One problem we encountered when we visited Walton was the weather, it rained heavily just as we were going to site B, having been to sites C and D already we had done half of the trip but it was cut short as the rain wouldnt stop. I think I was very organised with the way I did my work, but one thing I would have preferred is that if we would have gone to Walton before we had started the written work, because we had already done the introduction the calendar week before we went, so I feel that if we went before I would have been able to get more information in the introduction.