Speed Up Construction IBS Systems

Speed Up reflexion IBS SystemsIntroductionIn this chapter, the author reviewed trains done by others through journals, articles, newspaper cutting, and quotes from authors and online articles collected. IBS dodge is a lick to speed up the device work and to minimize the dep windupency of fag on site.The target argona of this study is further discussed virtually the barriers of contractor in enforceing IBS. Besides that, this chapter in like manner go forth focus on the staple fiber review of IBS such as expositions, background, types and characteristics in IBS and have a basic introduction about the situation of IBS.Industrialised build is the term given to make technology where raw governing bodyatized brasss of plan, reapingion planning and function as well as outfit and automated manufacture ar utilize (Ingemar Lofgren and Kent Gylltoft, 2000) eyepatch Building body mean a construct brass includes design rules and a product governance whose parts h ave compatible interfaces, thus permitting the rehearse of several(prenominal) alternative components and assemblies is assured by means of a dimensional and adjustment body as well as connection and joint (Ingemar Lofgren and Kent Gylltoft, 2000) translation of IBS in that location was no putting greenly certain or agreed definition of IBS. Several authors have specify IBS as process or a technique. Blimas et. al. (2006) and Pan et. al. (2008) defined that IBS is often referred by bookss as off -site formula, off-site yield, industrialised and automated body twist.Warszawski (1999) explain in detail that an industrialized process is and investment in equipment, facilities, and technology with the objective of maximizing production output, minimising moil resource, and improving attri simplye while a building establishment is defined as a set of interconnected element joint unneurotic to enable the designated mental process of a building.Another definition by Trikha (1999) claimed that IBS to a fault may be defined in which all building components such as wall, floor slab, column and staircase are mass put outd all n milling machinery or at site under austere timbre control and minimal on site activitiesAnother definition that clarified by Junid (1986) where IBS as process by which components of building are conceived, planned and fabricated, transported and erected at site. The outline includes balance combination between software program and hardware component. The software elements include system design, which is complex process of analyse the requirement of the end user, market analysis and the development of standardise component, organisation of manufacturing and assembly layout and process, allocation of resources and substantials and definition of a building designer conceptual framework.The software elements provide a prerequisite to create the conducive environs for industrialised to expand. agree to Juunid (1986), the ha rdware elements are categorised into three study groups. These include frame or post and beam system, panel system, and disaster system. The framed structures are defined as those structure that carry the hemorrhoid through their beams and girders to columns and to the ground whilst in panel system load are distri exactlyed through large floor and wall panels. The box systems include those system that employ three-dimensional modules (or boxes) for fabrication of habitable units are capable of control load from various directions collect to their internal stability.CIDB defined IBS as construction system whereby the components are manfactured in a factory, on-site or off-site, and so positioned and assembled into structures with minimal addtional site work.Classifications of IBSThis section allow for focus on the salmagundi of the building system that are published internationally and in Malaysia in that respect are four types of building system under IBS in Malaysia and at that place are namely established column-beam-slab frame systems with timber and plywood as formwork, cast in-situ system with marque or aluminium as formwork, prefabricated system and the composite building system is shown in figure 2.1. severally building system is represented by its construction technology, functional and geometric configuration (Badir et al, 1998). (cited at Thanoon et. al., 2003)According to Majzub (1977) has different concept in classifying building system that is the relative saddle of the components should be used as a basis for building classification shown in figure 2.2. The factor of weight has significant impact on the transportability of the components and also has influences on the production method of the components and their erection method on site. This classification method is found to be inadequate to incorporate other building system flourish recently.There are five types of IBS had being used in Malaysia(IBS Road Maps 2003-2010) sign 1 Pre-C ast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box SystemThe most common group of IBS products is pre-cast concrete of elements in construction labor. For example, in that location are including columns, beams, slabs, Three-Dimension (3D) components (balconies, staircase, toilet, ascension chambers), permanent concrete formwork, and so on. (CIDB, 2005). Pre-cast concrete framing, panel and box system is under categories of prefabricated system. The advantage using this is because it cans minimum waste due to work environment in factory is easier to control. Panel system is use for the construction of interior walls and exterior walls offer speed of construction in legion(predicate) ways. For box system will achieve ultimate objective of industrialization that is a maximum saving of human aim on site. token 2 trade name Formwork SystemsThis system considered as least prefabricated IBS, as they largely involve site casting and subject to offer high part finishes and fast construction with less site labour can fit in tunnel formwork, beams, columns, and slab moulding forms permanent vane formworks (metal decks) and so on. (CIDB, 2005) The steel formwork is prefabricated in the factory and then installed on site.Type 3 marque Framing SystemThis system always be the popular cream and used intensifierly in the fast-track construction of skyscrapers. Recent development in this types system included the increased fashion of light steel trusses. Steel is non combustible material and improves fire safety and reduces amount of structural modify in the event of a fire happen. Example Steel beam, columns, introduction frames, roof trusses. (CIDB, 2005). Steel framing also consider as prefabricated system and it to be erected whereby welding at joints are conducted. This system cans alacritous the procession construction.Type 4 Prefabricate Timber Framing SystemWhile the latter are more popular, timber building frame whirl interesting designs from dwelling units to b uildings requiring high aesthetical values such as chalets for resortsExample Timber frame, timber roof trusses (CIDB, 2005). The advantage of the system is chiefly in the interior flexibility, as large space can be used for different functions and can be easily changed or modified according to the use.Type 5 Block Work SystemThis system has revolutionizes by the development and usage of interlocking concrete masonry units (CMU) and lightweight concrete blocks. The tedious and clipping-consuming traditional brick-laying tasks are greatly simplified by the usage of there effective alternative solutions. Block work system also consider under prefabricated system. The benefits of block work system are faster construction and increase bricklayer longevity. Moreover, its also increased push nest egg like lightweight concretes resistance to heat f lowly is twice of long suit and heavy weight concrete, its mean that less heating/cooling energy is needed.Characteristics of IBSIt is im portant to have the following characteristics completely consider to be accepted as part of the IBS and ensure the achievement of proven benefits of IBS. Each of them will be discuss briefly at below (CIDB 2008)Industrial production of components though pre-fabrication or highly mechanized in-situ processes. For example, permanent steel formworkReduced labour during pre-fabrication of the components and site works.Modern design and manufacturing methods involving education engineering science such as the usage of figurer Aided design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)Systematic Quality control such as ISO 9000 principles centripetal Building Concept i.e permitting the hybrid applications, and adaptable to standardization and Modular Coordination (MC) writ of execution Level of IBS in MalaysiaThe use of IBS have various advantages such as the reduction dependency of foreign workers, less wastage, less volume of building materials, increased environmental and construction site cleanliness and better quality control compare to conventional method.These advantages also promote a safer and more arrange construction site, and reduce the completion time of construction. Many world-class Malaysian developers have chosen IBS over the conventional methods for important projections such as the Petronas Twin Towers, Putrajaya, KL Sentral, and KLIA. (IBS Roadmap, 2003 -2010)Even so, the usage level of IBS in building is inactive low. From a survey conducted by CIDB Malaysia, the usage level of IBS in the topical anesthetic construction indus savor stands at only 15% (IBS Survey 2003). The archean efforts of the Government to encourage the use of IBS in the construction sector has all the same to garner a good response, and this sector is assuage practicing conventional construction methods that have proven time and again to be wasteful, dangerous and messy. Relatively, the low labour cost in this country is the root cause of the industry failing to refo rm and being complacent with the current level of productivity, quality and safety. (IBS Roadmap, 2003 -2010)Moreover, according to the newspaper the star 2009 stated that Jamilus explained that IBS was a construction technique in which components were manufacture in a controlled environment (on-site, off-site), transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site work. Beside that, out of 1,400 contractors in Johor, there only 4% of it are using this systems. Moreover, he said that since year 2008, there only 51 contractors in the state have been reported to use the IBS system in their building projects and the number were expected improve in time. (The star, 2009)Malaysias Experiences in IBSThe usage of IBS is not new in the Malaysia construction industry. The composition using IBS in Malaysia was first purpose during the early 60s when the Minister house and Local Government visited several European countries and evaluated their building system pe rformance. At the time, the government makes a big decision to give a try on a two pilot projects using IBS concept. The first project, Pekeliling straight was constructed along Jalan Pekeliling with construction of 7 blocks of 17 storey flats, and 4 blocks of 4 storey flats comprising around 3,000 units of low cost flats and 40 storey reveal lot and this project using large panel industrialized prefabricated systems. On the other hand, the second project was built in Penang with the construction of 6 blocks of 17 storey flats and 3 blocks of 18 storey flats comprising 3,699 units and 66 reveal lots along the Jalan Rifle Range and this project was using the French Estiot System (Din, 1984).Even though the first executing IBS was not flourishing due to the failure to keep indoors cost estimation but there are some successful espousal too. Among the significant projects that implement IBS are including KL Sentral. KL Convention Centre, KLIA, etcFollowing is the Successful imple mented of IBS end-to-end Malaysia (CIDB Malaysia, 2003) year 2007 Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART Tunnel), Kuala Lumpur The Spring Shopping Mall, Kuching, SarawakYear 2006 Kuching multinational airport, Kuching, Sarawak Persada Johor International Convention Centre, Johor BahruYear 2005 Serdang Hospital, Serdang, Selangor The Curve, Mutiara Damansara, SelangorYear 2001 Kuala Lumpur Sentral ( KL Sentral), Kuala Lumpur Likas Stadium, Kota Kinabalu, SabahYear 1998 Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), Sepang, Selangor Malawati Indoor Satdium, Bukit Jalil, SelangorYear 1997 Petronas Twin Tower, Kuala Lumpur Bukit Jalil, Bukit Jalil, SalangorYear 1984 Daybumi Complex, Kuala LumpurYear 1981 High end bungalows and low cost houses throughout SelangorThe Advantages for IBS adoption in anatomical structure diligenceThere are some several advantages using IBS (MCRJ, 2009)1. Reduce Remittances by foreign workerThe Government aimed to achieve 100 percent usage of I BS and to reduce to 15 percent or approximately 50,000 of foreign workers in the construction industry by 2010. With the current foreign workers totaling 227,000, the remittances of the foreign workers amounted to about 7.5 billion. It is expected that the Government would be able to reduce the remittances with the full implementation of IBS. (Bernama.com, 2006)2. Enhance Efficiency of Construction Process and Higher ProductivityIBS is a methodology whereby a local construction industry is driven towards the adoption of an integrated and encouraging key players in the construction industry to produce and utilize pre-fabricated and mass production of the building at their work sites. This will help to enhance the efficiency of construction process, allowing a higher productivity, quality, time and cost saving. (CIDB, 2004)3. Produce Better ProductIBS promises elevated levels of expertise throughout the industry, from manufacturers, installers, engineers, planners, designers, and deve lopers. The benefits of IBS will ultimately produce better products for the population (CIDB, 2003)4. Reduce Wastage, slight pose Materials, Costs, Cleaner and Neater EnvironmentThe IBS, which enables on-site prefabricated or pre-cast building components manufactured at factories offers minimal wastage, less site materials, cleaner and neater environment, controlled quality, and lower total construction cost (CIDB, 2003). For example, the repetitive use of system formwork made up of steel, aluminium, etc and scaffolding provides considerable cost savings (Bing et al. 2001).5. Higher Quality of cistronAn industrialised building system component produces higher quality of components attainable through careful selection of materials, use of advanced technology and unappeasable quality assurance control (Din,1984)6. Reduce Labour at SitePrefabrication takes place at a centralised factory, thus reducing labour requirement at site. This is true especially when high degree of automat ion is involved (Warszawski, 1999)7. Faster CompletionAn industrialised building system allows for faster construction time because casting of precast element at factory and foundation work at site can occur simultaneously. This provides in front occupation of the building, thus reducing interest payment or uppercase outlays (Waleed et al., 2003)8. Not Affected by Adverse Weather ConditionConstruction operation is not affected by adverse weather qualify because prefabricated component is done in a factory controlled environment (Waleed et al., 2003)9. tractile DesignAn industrialised building system allows fexibility in architectural design in order to minimise the monotony of repetitive facades (Warszawski, 1999). An industrialised building system provides flexibility in the design of precast element as well as in construction so that different systems may produce their own unique prefabrication construction methods (Zaini, 2000)Barriers of Adoption in Malaysia Construction Ind ustryIBS can replace the conventional building system which is labour oriented However, since the first project of IBS not well accepted by construction parties because of fail to deal with the risks such failure of keep within the cost estimate. For example, the first project incurred 8.1 % higher costs than a akin(predicate) building that using conventional construction method, while the second project was 2.6% lower than the cost. Both projects also completed in 27 months in term of compare to the construction speed but are inclusive the time of set up the recasting factories too. When come to the quality, the conventional method seems have better quality than IBS. In conclusion, there is a agonistic with conventional construction method.Even though IBS is good to implement due to its advantages but the implementation of usage level is still precise low. According to Waleed et. al. (2003), the common consensus of all the stakeholders of construction in Malaysia is that, the IB S implementation in Malaysian building construction industry is still very low compared to the conventional methods. This is due to several reasons(MCRJ, 2009)1. Costs and Return InvestmentWide swings in houses demand, high interest rate and cheap labour cost, make it heavy to justify large capital investment. At present there is an copiousness of cheap foreign workers in Malaysia and contractors prefer to use labour intensive conventional building system because it is far easier to lay off workers during mire period. The economic benefits of IBS are not well documented in Malaysia and the medieval experiences indicated IBS is more expensive due to fierce competition from conventional building system.2. deficiency of skilled and knowledgeable manpowerFully prefabricated construction system requires high construction precision. Malaysian labour force still drop of skilled workers in IBS implementation.3. The PracticesThe construction industry is very fragmented, diverse and inv olves many parties. Consensus is required in the use of IBS during planning stage.4. Knowledge basedLack of Research Development (RD) in the area of novel building system that uses local materials. Majorities of IBS in Malaysia are imported from developed countries, thus driving up the construction cost. Engineering degrees in local universities seldom discipline about the design and construction of IBS.5. Low QualityThe use of IBS in Japan and Sweden are so successful due to high qualityand high productivity but it sis the opposite in Malaysia. old projects constructedwith IBS concept were of low quality and high construction cost.6. Lack of inducement and AwarenessDue to the lack of incentive and promotion from government in the use of IBS, many many architects and engineers are still unaware of the basic elements of IBS such as modular co-ordination.7. Lack of Scientific InformationAn IBS system can only be acceptable to practitioners if its major advantages are expensive c ompared to the conventional system. However, up to date, there is inadequate corroborative evidence to bear the benefits of IBS system. It is therefore, arguable that the implementation of IBS is particularly hindered by lack of scientific information (Badir et al., 2002)8. Wastage of MaterialStandardization of building elements faces resistance from the construction industry due to aesthetic reservation and economic reason. One good example of this is when a 300mm thick modular standardized floor slab has to be used although a 260mm thick floor slab can achieve the similar structural performance. This results wastage of material (Waleed et al., 2003)Summary of the ChapterNowadays in Malaysia, IBS still being developed and applied in new building. Mean while, the implementation level is still very low what has anticipate by the government. The purpose of IBS is very clear as an alternative for conventional method and also reduces the dependency of labour, and increase the performan ce in time, cost, and quality. The Government of Malaysia promote IBS component to the construction industrials.In the literature review have proved that there are many benefits of IBS but still is low usage among contractors and the implementation of using IBS level is still very low.