Annotated Bibliography On Database Algorithms - 2083 Words

Replication: An approach to enhance consistency in large Database clusters. Ayyapa Reddy Pasam, ayyappayouth@gmail.com Abstract Database systems implemented in parallel computers is called Database clustering. Clustering Databases provides us with an advantage of Cost effectiveness. â€Å"A grouping of related items stored together for efficiency of access and resource utilization.† In Relational Database the notion of clustering is straight forward. The physical clustering of data in this environment is extremely important to database performance since the architecture of RDBMS systems is heavily server-centric. In this we describe the Advantages done for clustering through replication. The ways in which Replication†¦show more content†¦The process of creating and managing duplicate versions of a database. Replication not only copies a database but also synchronizes a set of replicas that changes made to one replica are reflected in all the others. One good feature of the replication is User can access the Local copy of old version of database even if it is updated. Replication is often good method of data access in database. By the concept of replication in clusters, even if single cluster is destroyed it does not affect all the clusters. Each cluster is independent of other clusters. They function using their own hardware interfaces. A replication service is required to Maintain data consistency across these diverse environments. Distribution reduces the network costs for query access, and it improves application availability and consistency. In this we first discuss about cluster architecture, replication, types in the next section, Implementation of replication, Tools available in next section, problems with replication, how to overcome those problems and ensure consistency. 2. Multi master cluster architecture Coming to this architecture, it consists of group of N nodes which indeed are clusters each having connection to a fast network. Let us know about node interior. Request router takes care of user requests. User authentication is done at the request router. It takes care of routing the user requests to specific application

The True Nobleman in Julius Caesars Rome Brutus - 839 Words

â€Å"A noble man compares and estimates himself by an idea which is higher than himself; and a mean man, by one lower than himself. The one produces aspiration; the other ambition, which is the way in which a vulgar man aspires† -Marcus Aurelius. In the novel Julius Caesar there are many people who claimed nobility. However there is only one noble man. There are many test that will show who is truly noble because, anyone in Rome could claim to be noble. Brutus was the only noble roman in Julius Caesar. Brutus was one of many Romans with noble bloodlines. Although Brutus was noble, he never used it to get ahead. There are many times when Brutus could have used the fact that he is truly noble but he didn’t. Many people argue that a noble†¦show more content†¦That was his motivation behind killing Caesar. As he stated early in the play â€Å"Did I the tired Caesar. And this man/Is now become a god, and Cassius is/ a wretched creature and must bend his body/If Caesar carelessly but nod on him† (I.ii.115-118). Cassius obviously hated what Caesar had become, and how was so powerful. Cassius obviously hated what Caesar had become, and how he was so powerful. He knew the truth about Caesar, and that is why he killed him. He even said to Brutus, â€Å"Upon what meat doth this our Caesar feed/That he is grown so great†? (I.ii.149-150). Cassius saved Caesar’s life, and now Caesar doesn’t even like or trust him. After the games, Caesar mentioned t o Mark Antony â€Å"Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look/He thinks too much. Such men are dangerous (I.ii.194-195)†. Cassius knew Caesar felt this way. That was his motivation, and that is why he isn’t noble. Hate is not a valid reason to kill someone. The rest of the conspirators aren’t noble either. They never stated a clear reason to kill Caesar. All of them only went along with it because Cassius convinced them. Caesar, Mark Antony, and Octavius are not noble. Caesar was never noble. He claimed he was noble. However people believed he was noble, because he was a very good speaker. Almost everything he said was a lie, but everyone believes him. That is how he got ahead so quickly. Noble men do not lie. Antony and Octavius are worseShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Tragic Hero In Julius Caesar905 Words   |  4 Pageshigh position such as a nobleman, who has hamartia, a tragic flaw that leads to his downfall, and even his demise. This is strongly illustrated in Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, where Marcus Brutus’ desire to remain noble and honourable leads him to naivety and self destruction. The plot of the play revolves around removing power from Caesar, causing the inability of Marcus Brutus to reconcile his guilt over his involvement in the assassination. Although Marcus Brutus was developed as the mainRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar1082 Words   |  5 Pagesall-mighty Julius Caesar, for the sharp butcher of Brutus pierced his heart and condemned his life to cessation. This dramatic, mood changing affair serves as the pivotal platform in William Shakespeare’s, Julius Caesar. It is a compelling novel that recounts the unjust murder of Julius Caesar, an ancient Roman general. Oblivious to this conspicuous foreshadowing, Caesar fails to distinguish his true fellow men from plotting slaughtermen. Amongst his most intimate acquaintances, Brutus reveals hisRead MoreHonor : A Tragic Hero1399 Words   |  6 Pagesassuming that honorable ends justify dishonorable means†. In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, Brutus takes the role of the tragic hero. Brutus’s honor, nobility, and self-righteousness makes him â€Å"a tragic figure, if not the hero† (Catherine C. Dominic). As the play opens, Brutus is known as a Roman nobleman and a member of one of the most illustrious families in Rome. He is first seen in Act I, scene ii, as one of Caesar’s â€Å"close friends† who is part of his entourage. But while alone with Cassius he

MARKETING STRATEGY REPORT A CASE OF FACEBOOK INC

Question: What Marketing strategy or strategies has Facebook adopted since it was created? What marketing options can you describe for Facebook if it wishes to remain a successful organization throughout the next decade? Answer: Introduction In order to make successful business model and generate large amount of revenues all kinds of companies frame different marketing strategies like media marketing, mobile marketing, consumer based marketing and also product based marketing. Face book is a platform used by majority of the companies to initiate social media marketing (Stone, 2012). The report here deals with the analysis of the past marketing strategy of Face Book so as to provide recommendations for adoption of some different marketing strategies in future. Background of the company In February 2004 Mark Zuckerberg, a student of the Harvard University introduced the concept of Face book which is currently reported to have one billion members all across the globe. The major mission of this social networking site is to give the people the power to share and make the world more open and connected. As per the reports of Forbes January 2014 the following graph shows the number of Face book users in the different countries (facebook.com, 2015). Figure 1: Number of Face book users in different countries (Source: facebook.com , 2015) With the highest market share of 44%, Face book has no fixed business model for attracting the social media users. The main users of Face book consists generally of the teenagers and the target population between 22 to 45 years. Apart from that the company has also helped various universities, colleges and also SMEs to promote their products and services through online advertising. Figure 2: Market Share of Face book (Source: Ivcevic and Ambady, 2013, pp-215) The major resource of Face book is its 1 billion users and around 1,000,000 business pages. The company in the year 2013 also introduces the concept of Face book Home for the mobile devices to connect with friends (facebook.com, 2015). The introduction of the Face book messenger helped the users to use the easier version of the messaging app without formally logging into Face book. In the late of 2013 Face book also acquired Instagram for $ 1 billion to increase the app use of the users and also to introduce Face.com which is a Face recognition Platform for enabling auto tagging feature on shared pictures. According to (_) Face books strives to make growths with the help of Talent acquisitions of the different innovative applications and companies. Some of the major acquisitions are as follows: Year of Acquisition Name of the company Purpose of acquisition 2008 ConnectU Social networking 2009 FriendFeed Social networking aggregator 2010 Divvyshot Photo management 2012 Instagram Photo sharing 2012 Spool Mobile marketing 2014 WhatsApp Mobile instant messaging Table 1: Important Acquisitions by Face Book (Source: Hipperson, 2010, pp-96) Marketing analysis Analysis of the past and current marketing strategies of Face book Despite of the growing rate of user traffic and high rates of share price in NASDAQ, managers at Face book are concerned about the expansion plans of the company (Hipperson, 2010). The company in its initial stages had adopted the General marketing strategies which included keeping focus on the market expansion, market share growth, and niche market targeting and market exit strategies. Scaling strategy: Face book from its inception did not try to inculcate all the advanced features to attract huge customer base. At the initial stage the company positioned this platform as a normal communication channel for the college networks. The transformation from the college networks to the global scenario occurred in the year 2007. Face book with its basic features introduced the system of signing in and creation of account of any individual at any part of the world. The final transformation of the Platform occurred in the year 2011 when Face book introduced the Timeline concept where the user has the opportunity to organize the memorable content according to his wish. (Refer to appendix 1) Market expansion: The Company from its very beginning had targeted the users of countries like USA, Brazil, India, Japan, Russia, Germany and South Korea. The expansion strategy related to focus on mass population of all these countries without any discrimination or selection of specific target markets. This allowed Face book to create around 900 million monthly active users and a global market share of 44%. (Refer to appendix 2) Product focus strategy: Before the convention of Face book there was no relevant social media website (Ivcevic and Ambady, 2013). Hence the major focus of Face book was to make an innovative product strategy. Although Face book is basically a service company however the company focuses on creation of products for different segments of customers Types of customer segments Products offered by Face book Users Free Face book messenger on mobile web and android platforms It launched the innovative concept of Timeline view in 2012 which allows organizing and displaying the major events of the users life. Face book News Feed for the users homepage to get regular updates Introduction of Instagram for easy and quick photo uploading system Business Developers The use of the APIs and HTMLs helps the business developers to build social apps like games, desktop applications, and mobile applications. The company made partnership with online payment companies like PayPal to enable the collection of money for the use of the paid apps. Advertisers and marketers Face book acts as a social platform for the promotions of the products and services of different companies, online stores, colleges and also entertainment sectors. The advertisements helps Face book to generate revenue and also helps the advertisers and the marketers to generate income from the promotional strategies. The advertisers pay for their ads based on either cost per thousand impressions or cost per click method. Segmentation Targeting and Positioning (STP) process: Face book adopted the general STP process for approaching the target market. The company segmented the overall population of the basis of internet ad computer users. Based on this Face book gradually focused on its target market and planned its services accordingly. The original positioning strategy adopted by Face book was to show Face book as a social space online for communication of college students (Flores, 2013). Factors Target customers Geographic factors Targeted countries like Turkey, Mexico, Indonesia, Italy, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador etc. (Refer to appendix 3) Age The largest groups of Target customers for Face book are within the age range of 45 to 54. The report of Forbes shows that around 65% of the users are above 35 years. Although Face book is a platform for the young generation but still only 14% of the total population using Face book are below 24 years. (Refer to appendix 4) Gender and education 60% of the Face book users are female and rest male among them 92% are seen to be highly educated and college graduates since the use of Face book applications require basic and advanced computer knowledge. Brand development strategy: Face book adopted two different types of Branding strategies namely the direct customer branding and the indirect customer branding. According to Parkin (2009), through direct customer branding Face book was able to create huge user traffic and also build a strong database from the personal information of 900 billion users. (Refer to appendix 5) Moreover the company with the help of the indirect customer branding was able to gain revenue from the networking activities and also from the online visits and likes of the users. Face book presented itself in the mind of the users as a trend setter as well as a social advertising platform. (Refer to Appendix 6) IMC strategy: Face book uses both online and offline IMC strategies to increase the market share and the revenue. The online IMC strategies include website, blogging, paid search, social networking sites, search engines and the offline marketing channels include Traditional print media like magazines, newspapers both international as well as local, TV commercials, Billboard, Signage, Poster and items like T-shirt ads, Souvenirs etc (Parkin, 2009). Recommendations of future strategies for Face book Expansion in China: The Company can further adopt the expansion strategy by targeting the population of the highest populated country that is China. China being the largest internet market of the World will enable Face book to generate high revenue and increase the estimated user traffic by 1.51%. The presence of censored firewalls in China regulates the internet content of various sites and also prevents the users from using Face book, you tube and Twitter. Hence it is recommendable to the managers at Face book to adopt the product penetration strategy and customize the content of Face book in accordance to the internet rules of China. This will help the company to capture a large market share. Product customization and expansion: With the acquiring of Whatsapp, Face book targeted an expansion plan in the product innovation strategy. However the company should focus on the reduction of the large number of political protests that are being showcased in its site. The censorship of the content is necessary for Face book to flourish in countries like China. However with majority of the population who identifies themselves with the present services of Face book, any change in the services of the company will not be readily accepted by the users. The surveys conducted by Face book about their services showed that around 62% of the users are if the opinion that the company should consolidate the Face book fan pages and Face book app pages in a more comprehensive manner. User satisfaction strategies: Since Face book is a social platform for communication hence the users are required to put their personal information in the platforms. The surveys of Forbes suggests that around 93% of the users are of the opinion that the platform should develop the privacy settings and should also focus on providing better web search and improve the email and the chat options. Conclusion The report shows the different strategies adopted by Face books showing the revenue growth and the market expansion that the company has been able to sustain due to the use of the marketing strategies. From the analysis of the present and the past strategies it is clear that Face book made a steady and gradual growth in the field of social media with the help of product innovation and successful talent acquisitions. However the stagnancy of Face book in the recent years in the field of innovation maybe a reason behind the decreases in the number of user traffic hence the report also focuses on some of the strategies that Face Book should adopt in order to maintain its place as a trend setter in the minds of the users. Reference list Books Flores, L. (2013). How to measure digital marketing. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Parkin, G. (2009). Digital marketing. London: New Holland. Journals Hipperson, T. (2010). The changing face of data insight And its relationship to brand marketing. Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management, 17(3-4), pp.262-266. Ivcevic, Z. and Ambady, N. (2013). Face to (Face)Book: The Two Faces of Social Behavior?. J Pers, 81(3), pp.290-301. Stone, M. (2012). Reflections on a life in database marketing. Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management, 19(4), pp.214-218. Websites facebook.com (2015). Facebook for Business. [online] Available at: https://en-gb.facebook.com/business [Accessed 7 Jan. 2015]. Appendices Appendix 1: Scaling strategy of Face book Appendix 2: Face book Search Traffic Appendix 3: Top regions for Face book users Appendix 4: Age group of target customers of Face book Appendix 5: Direct customer branding of Face book Appendix 6: Indirect customer branding of Face book

Leslie Mason free essay sample

The culprit was never found. (In the song N*gas in Paris, in the background you can hear them saying, We killed Tuba) Allah She was offered to be with Jay-Z, but denied. In her last song, Rock the Boat, she featured subliminal messages, which stated lines like, you cant push me or but you wanted Beyond ©. She was ailed in a plane crash, which was initiated by the illuminant. Transition- Lastly, will highlight some famous symbols that are often shown by the society. C. Third Main Point- Symbolism (Visual Aid) 1.All seeing Eye It is also referred to as the god of the Illuminant. Its meaning is giving glory to Satan. A) Flashed by the celebrities that is apart of the society 2. 666 Hand Sign In the book of revelations it states, The name of the antichrists will CEQ al to the number of 666. A) Again, flashed by the celebrities that are apart of the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Leslie Mason or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. Pamphlet It represents duality of male and female. Raising one arm and the downward gesture of the other signifies it. Satanists worship this as being the source and creator of evil. ) Celebrities like Beyond © and Madonna, has flashed this image in performances and even in their off days. Ill. Conclusion A. Thesis/Summary In conclusion, the illuminant is a secret society who crave world domination. They originated from the late sass to modern day. They use celebrities, also known as puppets, to control society through media; especially through music. In music, there are subliminal messages hidden and symbols flashed. B. Memorable Close Hopefully, the world can wake up to discover the New World Order that is trying to overtake us. Leslie Mason free essay sample To inform the audience about the Illuminate Thesis: To understand who the illuminate is and what they do, it is important to learn the history of the society, the celebrities that are Involved In It, and the symbolism surrounding them. Organizational Pattern: Topical order I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Have you ever wondered who is behind this mysterious world? Who controls the government, the banks, the media, or even the entertainment Industry?No, It is not the president or the top-notch officials, but It Is the Illuminate. Some of you may wonder, who are the illuminate? B. Relevance of topic to audience: The Illuminate is heavily discussed when it comes to the impact of secret societies on the history of humans. As the number of peoples curiosity grown about the society, actual facts about the group has been disconcerted and/or misinterpreted. Because of this, research on the topic has been difficult. We will write a custom essay sample on Leslie Mason or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I will share factual information on the order of the illuminate by focusing on some key topics on the subject.It is important to understand their impact on us young adults, because it affects us the most. C. Credibility: I am currently reading books that discuss the Illuminate, such as Master Amman: The Illuminate Secrets, Illuminate in the Music Industry: The Illuminate Facts and Fiction, and Proofs of a conspiracy. I have also studied controversial videos with the Illuminants presence from other authors, researchers, and even churches. I am looking at websites of the Illuminate using the Google search engine and Google scholar. D. Thesis/central Idea: E.Preview: Today, I will inform you about the order of the Illuminate: the history, the role of it in the music industry, and the symbolism. Transition- First, I will explain the term Illuminate, which Is mostly characterized by the elite secret society that Is dominating the world. II. Body A. First Main Point- History of the Illuminate 1 . The Illuminate was a pact made originally back in early biblical times, between Satan and Cain. (Salisbury, 2013) On the other hand, society today, agrees that DRP. Healthful founded the Illuminate. ) According to John Robinson, author of proofs of a Conspiracy, published in 1798, states that DRP. Adam Whippet founded the illuminate in 1775. B) It was defected from the Catholic Church and he organized the illuminate, while being financed by the International Bankers. C) Its top goal has been to achieve a ;one world government and to subjugate all religions and governments in the process. 2. There are 13 bloodlines in the Illuminate (Salisbury, 2013) a) The members are 13 wealthy families, who pass down the wealth to generation after generation. B) Example #1- 9th bloodline- Rockefeller. They help determine who gets publicity In the major news magazines, and on television. They also fund a share of money that universities need to operate, 1 OFF bloodline- Rothschild They control all three U. S. Networks, plus aspects of the recording and mass media industry. Transition- Now that you know the origin of the Illuminate and their idea to world domination, I will now explain its role in the music industry. B. Second Main Point- Role in the Music Industry 1 . Masonry has come to gain control over the masses by infiltrating not only the media, but also the music industry.Since music is apart of everyday life, it is easy for them control people with it. Most artists are falsely advertised as child friendly, or later change their image and message to something hardcore after they have achieved mainstream success with a chart-topping album. (For an example, Mile Cyrus and Justine Briber. ) 2. Mainly in Rap and Hip Hop music. They are dedicated to promoting a materialistic, hedonistic, violence. They are mentally enslaving messages using keywords about making money, getting laid, partying, 2417, etc

Letter Essays - 9, , Term Papers, Research Papers

Letter October 16, 2000 Mrs. Jensen 319 Bibb Graves Jacksonville, AL 362265 Dear Mrs. Jensen I attended Rome High School of Rome, Ga. Rome High School is about forty-five minutes from Jacksonville. Just head towards Piedmont, Al and then drive straight to Cedartown, Ga. The road signs will lead you there. My major is going to be Criminal Justice. I look forward to becoming a K-9 police officer. I chose JSU because I had a pole-vaulting contract and I also want to be on the number one drum line of the nation. I haven't started either yet so I assume you could just call me another broke student running around having fun. There are many things I like about JSU. There are defiantly plenty of parties, not that I go or anything. Mainly I like the band. The band is the main reason that I came. At my high school I was a drummer. My high school band practically lives at JSU. JSU has the number one drum line in the nation, so from a drummer's perspective where better to march for. The other reason I came to JSU you is to be close enough to home so I can go see my girlfriend every weekend. I really like this campus, everyone is very friendly and it isn't hard to find all of your classes. There isn't really any thing I don't like about JSU. It is a great college. I guess if I had to say there was something I would like, it would be the classes. College should just be a place that you go and live and hangout with people for a year. That way classes could be optional. Things I like and dislike about computers: ? I love using the Internet. ? I dislike slow computers. ? I dislike when you can't load something. ? I dislike not understanding why a computer does something. ? I like using computers to type (my handwriting is awful) ? I don't like loosing programs or papers ? And on Gateway computers I like the Go Back Program I like you class very much but I don't feel like I need to be there for anything except for the tests and when you give out homework assignments. I missed a few of you classes last week and I want to apologize. My car had broken down when I was at home so I was stranded for three days. Sincerely, Nick Steketee

Street Children Essays

Street Children Essays Street Children Essay Street Children Essay In the last 100 years , The Number of street children has risen in a scary way . The United Nations lately tried to estimate Their number . The estimated number was terrifying ,it was 150 million and rising daily . These children are part of the of future of our communities. Their age range is from three to eighteen years old, 40% of them are homeless. Imagine a three years old child roaming the streets with no place to go with no home! While the other 60% work on the streets to support their families . The Problem is that these street children are not in one country, not even one continent but they are all over the world especially in Africa, north and south America . According to statistics in the year 2000, the street children reached three-hundred and fifty thousand and rising, while in Latin America and Caribbean their number reached four hundred and ten thousand . On the other hand in all the developing world the number of street children reached 2. 5 million . But that is not all, These children while they are in the streets unable to go to school, they face a lot of problems like child trafficking, prostitution and working under severe conditions which are all against children rights. (Ennew) Identifying reasons for the existence of street children is essential in order to find a permanent solution for the problem, one of the main factors that contributes in the dramatic increase of street children is Poverty which caused by underemployment and low education standards and the lack of awareness of the benefits of family planning and birth control ways which leads to high birth rates, And in some part of the world specifically in developing countries like Rwanda and the Cambodia, the population has been pushed above the capacity of land and thus the standard of living has decreased and where the average number of children per family is eight, and according to official statistics 35 percent of the population in Cambodia lives below the poverty line where the average income of a person per day is 1800 Riel/0. 5 Sudan so they can’t afford a good standard of living by their income to their selves or their children and with the overcrowded schools and the government don’t offer suitable education with suitable price for their community, and with the low income of the parents they can’t afford to send their children to even public schools so they got no escape from sending their children to work in the streets and help them and support their family, And thus providing good education by the government and providing new job opportunities would help decrease the unemployment rate and thus increase the standard of living, and increasing the awareness of the birth control ways and family planning would help reduce the problem as the average number of children per family would decrease and thus make it easier on their guardians to provide them a decent standard of living. (child safe international) (Kospoka) In other parts of the world like in Africa, specifically in the Republic of Sierra Leone-Free town ,its common site to see street children in the city, after many years of armed conflict, the country is so poor, where the lucky children is forced to work instead of going to school and having proper and education and they would have a place to go in the end of the day and the unlucky those whose parents got killed in the armed conflicts and with no place to go as the government can’t afford to provide a decent shelter to to take care after those children rescue them from the street life ,and so the children are forced to live in the streets to work and to start to live on their own, according to the U. S. Dept of Labor Bureau of International Labor Affairs, the UNICEF estimated that 71. percent of children aged between five and fourteen is working in Sierra in year 2000,most of these children want a change to get a decent education but unfortunely those whose parents survived t he armed conflicts can’t afford the expensive education system and thus there are no other way for these children except begging in the streets ,the danger is just in those children who had forced to live in the streets the real danger is in the upcoming generation of the street children if the current aren’t rescued or helped soon ,according to DR. Ibrahim Sallie a senior lecturer in the MMCET recently spotted the light on the upcoming generation, with the increase of violence and low morals and crime is Sierra Leone city this would sure effect those street children for sure ,and the problem will probably escalade as unlike the parents those second generation of street children would be raised with no definite moral or cultural or back ground except the culture of the surviving of the fittest, this would definitely would contribute in rising a new generation ull of criminals as they would do anything for living and just survive and increase the violence more and more ,and thus a secure environment free of armed conflicts would help to create a better climate for raising children and would give them better chance of becoming something more better than just street beggars and it’s the role of the governments to try to provide their citizens with secure environment and job opportunities with appropriate income to help those poor parents to prove their children with good education or provide public education with affordable prices for those poor parents who can’t afford it and for those unlucky children who lost their parents in the armed conflicts the governments should also care about them and make orphans houses that provide them with decent food shelter and education, to help to create a better civilized and educated generation, because they might not form a danger on the society in the near future but in the far one this would be a definitely a huge problem to deal with specially with the second generation who would be way more violent than the previous one and as more as the generation increases the more the crime and violence will increase and it will be then difficult to solve. (Prof. Martin) (Kospoka) And as discussed above, the causes of the street children phenomena could be resolved by proving a secure community free of armed conflicts and providing good education for the society with affordable prices that even poor parents can afford and working on making new job opportunities for adults and trying to reduce the unemployment rate and increasing the awareness about family planning and birth control ways would help to create awarded well educated and working society than they can easily raise their kids and providing them with good standards of living Bibliography child safe international. 2007. 2010 lt; childsafe-international. org/CountryInfo. aspgt;. Ennew, Judith. Difficult Circumstances. 2003. 8 november 2010 lt; crin. org/docs/Difficult%20Circumstances%20-%20Reflections%20on%20Street%20Children%20in%20. pdfgt;. Kospoka, Anthony. The problem of street children in africa : an ignored tragedy. 21 4 2000. Prof. Martin. gvnet. 2009. 2010

Middle East Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Middle East Politics - Essay Example The author starts with a personal interview of Osama Bin Laden when he was constructing a road in Sudan. He contrasts this with his second interview with Bin Laden in Afghanistan when Sheikh Osama declares war on America and the Royal Family of the Saudi Arabia. The book, though a non-fiction, presents the entire sequence of the history with such aplomb that goes very well like a novel. The interest of the reader is held to the author's attention and slowly but steadily ensures that the points he raises sinks into the minds of the readers. One of the typical issue that is being raised by the author is about the US aggressive nature and its allies trying to make out the best commercial benefit from the situation in the middle east rather than sort it out and restore normalcy. In addition to the situation this created, the author tries to explain the steps taken by the US government to enhance the level of confrontation in every area in the Middle East. In order to go with his theory, the author takes us through a short interlude on how the Bin Laden regime in Afghanistan originally supported and cultivated by Saudi Arabia and the United States, turned against them slowly and steadily after the Iraqi war. The literary reviews that the author invokes during the course of the book are quite comprehensive and relevant. He refers to the Holocaust in Armenia and a number of other events which did not happen during the 30 years that the author is covering in the Middle East history. His comfortable knowledge of the various writings on the subject and on the historical happenings prior to the modern history of the Middle East has defined the way the book has flown. All along the book the author maintains his critical approach of the western politics and the steps taken by various governments of the west in increasing the instability of the region. The problems of today are more or less their own making by ignoring the earlier warnings on the horizon. 3. Methodology The author has taken up a macro research on the political scene in the Middle East. He has successfully built a case to augment his originally theory, that of unwanted US interference in the Middle Eastern politics resulting in loss of face due to an erroneous statement in the parliament for Blair and Bush duo. Similarly, the resultant political scene after the Iraqi war and other reprehensible moves in the Middle East, the author says, that the amount of gains that the US and its allies got was slowly lost and the entire victory is now tending towards a loss for the US and allies. This has been further strengthened by the bad move of the Israeli attack on Lebanon. The author leads us to this story and tries to solidify the cause and effect of such an approach, including the people behind it and how this would benefit the American People, if at all it does and how this might help the men in the deserts of the Middle East. The book has a hypothesis which the author does not say in so many words. But the hypothesis is underlying in the entire

Assessment of parental satisfaction with dental treatment under Thesis - 1

Assessment of parental satisfaction with dental treatment under general anesthesia in pediatric dentistry - Thesis Example In order to provide health professionals, health plans and health care providers, purchasers, integrated delivery systems and others with an comprehensive and accessible tool that will help them obtain objectives and exhaustive information on evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, a complete database called The National Guideline Clearinghouseâ„ ¢ (NGC) was initiated by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services which was formerly created by AHRQ in collaboration with the American Association of Health Plans (now Americas Health Insurance Plans [AHIP]) and the American Medical Association (NGC 2008). One of the guidelines presented in the NCG is the Guideline on Behaviour Guidance for the Paediatric Dental Patient published by the American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (AAPD) in 2006. This guideline was the result of the symposium held by AAPD in 2003. Behaviour guidance is based on scientific principles, which requires communication and interpersonal skills such as empathy, coaching and listening. The guideline states the importance for dental practitioners to have acquired adequate knowledge and skills all through dental education regarding the effective treatment of childhood dental diseases. Careful and effective handling of these diseases systematically requires modification of the behaviour the child under treatment. This practice is referred to as behaviour guidance which is a continuum of interaction engaging the dentist and/or dental team, the patient and the parent/s bound on the subject of communication and education. The goal here is to advocate a deeper understand ing of the importance of good oral health and the relevant procedures undertaken for this to be accomplished and, in the process, assuage dental care apprehensions and anxieties. Another guideline presented in the NCG is the Safe Sedation of Children Undergoing

Office Depot Restatement of Financial Results Essay

Office Depot Restatement of Financial Results - Essay Example Office Depot (NYSE: ODP) is a major supplier of office products like computers, business machines, software and office furniture and also does a range of business operations like shipping, printing, copying and computer repair (Turner, 2012). When the Internal Revenue Service denied the company’s claim to carry back some tax losses, it had to reassess and restate its financial results in order to revise the original tax position. The restatement covered the financial statements of the periods ending in December and the quarters ending in June and September. The company further projected that restated financial statements would be filed in April 2011. The Internal Revenue service had effectively stated that Office Depot would not carry back certain tax losses from the prior years. It was certainly felt that this restatement would have considerable consequences on the operations of the company. Indeed, the company realized several changes and had to adjust effectively in order to normalize operations in the course of this period. One of the expected effects of correcting the financial statements was the reduction of the full-tax benefits by nearly $80 million. At the time of the restatement, the company hoped that its first-quarter sales would be much consistent with the prior position and that the EBIT would also be of 50 percent (Mohr, 2012). Similarly, the restatement resulted in a change from profit to loss due to the reduced tax benefits. In this case, the net profit of $33 million was translated to a net loss of $46 million due to a tax benefit reduction by over $ 80 million (Office Depot, 2010). The resulting loss meant that the common shareholders had to get $30 cents per share from the previous $1 per share. Following the removal of the tax receivable, the operating cash flows of the 2011 financial statements were adversely affected.  

Hydrocarbons Transport Systems: Testing Safety Valves

Hydrocarbons Transport Systems: Testing Safety Valves

Intercultural Luxury Draft

He has won he â€Å"Town and Country Couture Award† three times in a row. ; He has his showroom and atelier in Istanbul Sample jewelry Seven Bikini's PRI Raise bracelet showing a wealth of techniques including microcosmic, miniature painting, calligraphy and an intricate pave of diamonds that recreates this early cartographer's discoveries It's not all about history and culture in Seven Bikini rings. This one is topped by two fluffy chicks that look real enough to stroke. Not the old cut diamonds on the shank of the ring with silver-foil backings Seven Bikini Seagulls over Istanbul ring.The seagulls appear to float in an azure sky ever the microcosmic scene depicting the history of Istanbul Seven Bikini Pomegranate ring. The pomegranates are carved into the back of a precious stone that is mounted into the outsized ring set with diamonds Seven Bikini ring with miniature paintings of Istanbul on the sides and a quartz dome Seven Bikini ring showing a range of techniques includi ng intaglio carving and calligraphy More marine inspiration in this Seven Bikini ring that wraps a starfish around the finger topped by a gorgeous baroque pearl.Rose-cut diamonds stand out against the oxidized metal Safety ring Turkey: Seven Bias India Culture of the country in relation to luxury Protestant ethic: against show and excess; modesty Luxury goods are bought for esthetics value rather than for show Rising middle class buys luxury for its status. Aware of only the ubiquitous international luxury brands. With increasing travel, there IIS more awareness. Culture of jewelry wearing Classic jewelry tends to be more reserved, sober, discrete More jewelry worn for special occasions Jewelry (esp. gold) is considered an investment vehicle.Most of the buying is done during wedding season and for some religious festivals. Few elites buy jewelry from international designer brands. Image of the brand Ð’Â « Seven Black Ð’Â » Silver and gold more popular than semi-precious ston es Arabic (? ) calligraphy not a trend in UK jewelry Local jewelry houses are preferred. Better rates and more ethnic style. Semi-precious stones are picking up in popularity, although highest demand for gold and diamonds. Culture of colors Muted, natural colors preferred, not bright colors Lots of bright colors.Inherent in culture. Shiny gold. Business culture People do not negotiate for People always negotiate when it KICK: Barberry ; Created in 1856 ; Barberry Group Pl is a British luxury fashion souse, manufacturing clothing, fragrance, and fashion accessories. Its distinctive tartan pattern has become one of its most widely copied trademarks ; Most famous for its iconic trench coat, which was invented by founder Thomas Barberry ; The company has branded stores and franchises around the world, and also sells through concessions in third-party stores.HAM Queen Elizabeth II and HRS The Prince of Wales have granted the company Royal Warrants ; The Chief Creative Officer is Christop her Bailey. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FETES 100 Index Barberry originals or inspired by Tu reek The headscarf, adapted from the classic Barberry scarf ; Colors muted, classic sense of the house style as seen in the LIKE India Use of bolder colors, textures, patterns The Trench' very popular Sense of fun, mixing modern style with old traditions ELK: Barberry Islamic culture doesn't like excess, luxury.Resistance of consumers for Christian and Jewish origin brands usury is used as a status symbol. Esp. the middle class. Aware of major international brands. Luxury from the west, IEEE Europe preferred. Culture of fashion wearing Being fashionable while adapting the rules of Islam. Increasing economic level and globalization created demand for Islamic fashion brands Western fashion is gaining in importance. Both day Wear and evening wear. Has to co exist alongside ethnic clothes. Demand for well known brands alongside good fit.Conserva tive to a large extent. Trends dictated by movie stars. Image of the brand Ð’Â « Barberry Ð’Â » Very adaptable products ( scarves and trench coats) with neutral beige colors, modern but not sex appeal, branded and high quality, in line with Islamic fashion. Problem with Christian origin, and interpretation of symbols of the cross on the basis of checker design Well known. Its accessories more popular than main offerings. Barberry Bruit launched recently. Perfumes, wallets, shoes etc do very well. Known as British brand.

Legalization of Marijauna

Daniel FaybyshevPeriod 8-9 6/11/12â€Å"Legalization of Marijuana† Although to many it may seem as though marijuana is a harmful substance that poisons our nations youth, marijuana has the potential to open many new doors in economics, medicine, security and more. Marijuana should not be as easy to obtain as walking into a convenience store and buying a pack of gum. However, the use of cannabis should be a choice left up to responsible people of age who can make their own wise decisions. Marijuana should be extremely regulated.With that said, Marijuana can be hugely beneficial. Tax revenue could significantly increase with the legalization of marijuana because of its huge popularity. Forty-two percent of America’s population has tried marijuana at least once. Keep in mind this is while it is illegal and harder to obtain than it would be if it were legal. An estimated forty to one-hundred billion dollars in revenue could be collected if taxes that are put on tobacco and alcohol products were to be put on marijuana.Legal marijuana production would create jobs both domestically and globally. Locally, dispensary shops would create numerous legitimate jobs for people. Globally, producers all around the world including South American countries, Middle Eastern countries, and African countries would have new job opportunities involving the production of cannabis sativa. Marijuana can help aid in the reduction of global unemployment and jumpstart our economy. Marijuana has been clinically proven to treat and sometimes cure many diseases that unfortunately plague the human body.It can act as an effective painkiller and it can replace harmful generic opiate-based painkillers such as oxycodone and hydrocodone that are known for being extremely addictive and highly abused drugs that can severely harm the body if taken more than prescribed. Marijuana is just the safer alternative. Also, marijuana can successfully treat anxiety disorders and depression because t he main chemical in Marijuana, THC (tetrahydrocannabanoid) acts as an anti-anxyolitic and an anti-depressant. In many cases Marijuana can treat insomnia.In conclusion Marijuana has numerous medical benefits and I believe it is a shame that its medicinal powers cannot be taken advantage of just because the government believes it should be illegal. Medicinal Marijuana offers hope to many people who suffer from disease. Another reason marijuana should be decriminalized, is to ultimately create a safer environment for the general public. Because of the high demand for marijuana the black market has taken upon itself to mass-produce and distribute it to the world.Along with the manufacturing and distribution of drugs come numerous other illegal activities to support it. Guns are given to those who are involved with drug trafficking. From the growers all the way to the local dealers people are carrying guns. Also, other more dangerous drugs are sold to fund the production and distribution of marijuana. Prostitution is also used as a way of funding the production of cannabis. Gang violence is also prevalent with the distribution of marijuana because rival gangs often compete for territory on which they sell their product.Legalizing marijuana would lessen if not eliminate essential components of the black market. It is a valid and reasonable point to make by those who oppose the legalization on Marijuana that Marijuana is a dangerous substance. Unfortunately the use of marijuana does have some negative side effects. Although they are minimal they are still present. Despite its many wonderful benefits marijuana is still a drug and still alters the way the mind and body function.However, the fact of the matter is that we live in an imperfect world and in an imperfect world certain sacrifices must be made for stability to be maintained within a society. The negatives of Marijuana cannot compete with benefits that would come about with its legalization. Gaining a stable e conomy, advancements in medicine and safe streets for the public are just a few of the many reasons that are worth the few minor negative affects it may have on those who will use it.

Mozart Effect and Music Therapy essays

Mozart Effect and Music Therapy essays Although it is only in recent times that scientists have started to document the effects of music, the qualities of music were understood even in earliest times. Evidence suggests that dance and song preceded speech, which means that music is the original language of humans. Researcher's have found that about two-thirds of the inner ear's cilia resonate only at the higher frequencies that are commonly found in music (3,000 - 20,000 Hz). This seems to indicate that primitive humans communicated primarily through song or tone. The ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras, best known for his work in mathematics, thought the whole universe was comprised of sounds and numbers. There has long been an awareness that music affects us, even if the reasons are not clear. Around 900 B.C., David played the harp "to cure Saul's derangement" (Gonzalez-Crussi). One os the world's oldest medical documents, the Ebers Papyrus (circa 1500 B.C.), prescribed incantations that Egyptian physicians chanted to heal the sick. This is perhaps the first recorded use of music for therapy. The positive influence of music may have also saved Beethoven's life in the early eighteenth century. In a letter he wrote, "I would have ended my life-it was only my art that held me back" (Kamien). Every human civilization has developed some sort of musical idiom and has used it as a form of tranquilizer, as a lullaby. Great civilizations have developed without the wheel, without a written language, without money, but the use of soothing sounds seems to be a very basic component of human physiology. There are distinct differences between compositions of different societies, but in spite of this, they can convey the same moods, the same feelings, in all people. As Louis Pasteur's Germ Theory of Illness launched the era of scientific medicine, music largely faded from formal medical settings. Fortunately, it never completely disappeared. American medicine first started ex...

American Literary Classic On the Road Essays

American Literary Classic On the Road Essays American Literary Classic On the Road Essay American Literary Classic On the Road Essay Essay Topic: On the Road The Road Most peoples actions are influenced in some sort of way. American writing was influenced by Jack Kerouac. He was an American author whose most famous work came in the 1950s called, On the Road. The book is both fiction and non-fiction. It is about journeys across the country on multiple trips. His book has become the name of the beat generation. The beat generation is a group of writers in the 1950s that influenced culture in America in the post World War two era. Jack Kerouac set a new direction for American Writers. On the Road embraced much drinking, drugging, and fornicating (Robert Dean Lurie). This book had become an inspiration to many. Jack himself had been a successful person. He was as a football player, a fast, agile fullback, that he first won any kind of recognition (Joseph Lelyveld). Before he could be a football star he had to change schools. In 1939 he entered Horace Mann School in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, with the promise of a football scholarship to Columbia University if he could prove himself academically (Lelyveld). He had injured his knee during his freshman year so he decided to leave Columbia university and joined the military. He served first in the merchant marine, then briefly in the Navy, from which he was discharged as a schizoid personality (Lelyveld). Then, he became a writer. Jack Kerouac was a savior to some. The hippies claim him as an inspiration, as do many western Buddhists (Lurie). Jacks book On the Road included acts of drinking alcohol, traveling, drugs, and sex. This was Jacks youth he was writing about however, he never saw the impartial documenting of his own reckless youth as license for others to drop out of society (Lurie). Many found his book hard to follow, but he refused to revise it because for he regarded revision as a form of lying (Lelyveld). He wished to capture the truth, his truth, as best and as purely as he could. And he wanted to do this

Comparison Study of Computer Operating System (between Mac OS and Research Paper

Comparison Study of Computer Operating System (between Mac OS and Windows) - Research Paper Example The significance of the problem is that choosing a reliable and performing operating system makes the difference between comfortable use of the computer as opposed to a use that is punctuated by frequent breakdowns and crashes that can impair productivity of the user. Hence, choosing a good operating system is in the best interests of the consumer and this report attempts to provide a guide to selecting a reliable and performing operating system. The report surveys the existing literature on the comparison between the Windows and Mac OS and also relies on some firsthand observations that have been made by experts who have compared these two operating systems. The point of comparison is in terms of the factors listed above and I have referred extensively to the available information as far as comparison of these factors is concerned. The project methods that have been used to gather information include interviews, review of studies and published material from reputed trade and academic journals and the forums discussing the relative merits and demerits of these two operating systems. My qualifications for doing a comparison between Windows and Mac operating systems is that currently I am using both (Mac OS on my laptop and Windows OS on my PC) and this gives me unique insights into the way each of the operating systems operate. In this report, I use my practical experience as well as the reviews of each of the operating systems from trade journals and websites dedicated to the operating systems to compare the pros and cons of each operating system. The report would focus on how I have gained from using the different operating systems and how the other categories of users have responded with their views. A further point is that I am majoring in related fields to the topic and hence this review falls within my subject area as well as area of interest. I hope

Tamas by Bhisham Sahni and Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel Essay

Tamas by Bhisham Sahni and Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel - Nathu and Tita; Victims of Society - Essay Example rns itself with the story of the partition between India and Pakistan, which is that reprehensible chapter of Indian history, depicting the exodus of the terror – stricken Hindus who lived in the Muslim majority regions and whose screams drowned the jubilant shouts of Independence. One of the quotes in the novel goes like this, "If people knew each other, they would find it hard to hate." (Bhisham Sahni, Tamas) This realistic portrayal fetched the novelist, actor and playwright, Bhisham Sahni, the Sahitya Akademi Award for 1975. Laura Esquivel’s ‘Like Water for Chocolate’ is a true portrayal of the Mexican revolution as its background, when various political parties were squabbling for control of the nation and putting forth their separate ideas about the governing of the nation. ‘Like Water for Chocolate’ is a story that takes place in the late 19th century, narrates about the widowed Mama Elena who has three daughters Gertrudis, Rosaura and Tita. The story uses the Mexican revolution as a metaphor for change, where Elena represents the old power structure while in Tita we have the attitude of rebellion, seen in the new members of the governing parties in the current times. The story revolves around the theme of forbidden love on the ranch, where the youngest daughter Tita is forbidden to marry her true love Pedro because according to the law the mother had to be looked after by the youngest daughter which happened to be Tita. Tita’s mother was so heartless as she offers Rosaura to Pedro in marriage instead. Pedro loved Tita so much that he agrees to marry Rosaura only for the one reason of being close to his true love Tita. Tita was victimized by her own mother ever since her birth. This is aptly described by the author who states â€Å"Tita was literally washed into this world on a great tide of tears that spilled over the edge of the table and flooded across the kitchen floor†¦.† These lines show the pain, suffering, suppression and trauma that

Examines one of the following charactersHester Prynne, Rev. Arthur Essay

Examines one of the following charactersHester Prynne, Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale, Pearl Prynne, or Roger Chillingworth - Essay Example Additionally, to further quotes will be analyzed with regard to academic literature and the way in which Rev. Dimmesdale can be understood. Accordingly, it is the hope of this author that such a unit of analysis will be beneficial definitive and concise representation of what Rev. Dimmesdale truly representative. As a man of Biblical learning and intelligence that was respected greatly within the community, administer suffers from a continual denial of who he represents. Additionally, the continual inward struggle that is represented is effectively encapsulated within the Rev. Dimmesdale’s sermon, â€Å"At the great judgment day,† whispered the minister—and, strangely enough, the sense that he was a professional teacher of truth impelled him to answer the child so. â€Å"Then, and there, before the judgment seat, thy mother, and thou, and I, must stand together. But the daylight of this world shall not see our meeting† (Hawthorne 92)! As can adequately be seen, Dimmesdale lacks the moral fortitude of approaching the issue of his love and lust with the congregation that so adulates and adores him. Instead, he seeks to understand and interpret the final judgment as something that will be between God and the individual. One of scholars that examined Dimmesdaleâ€℠¢s duplicity and the following to say, â€Å"Dimmesdale represents a dichotomy of confusion between that which is expected that which is natural within his own frame of understanding† (Hunt 28). It is this continual difficulty that continues to define the way in which Rev. Dimmesdale understands the world around them. The second would be utilized at Dimmesdale’s cowardice has to do with the way in which he interacts with his lover. Says Dimmesdale, â€Å"Happy are you, Hester, that wear the scarlet letter openly upon your bosom! Mine burns in secret! Thou little knowest what a relief it is, after the torment of a seven years cheat, to look into an eye that recognizes me

Prejudice Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Prejudice Worksheet Essay Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: †¢ Race †¢ Ethnicity †¢ Religion †¢ Gender †¢ Sexual orientation †¢ Age †¢ Disability |Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Race | People say black people are lazy. |People say white people are smart |People say Jews are cheap but | | | |and blonds are dumb. |rich. | |Religion |Wiccan Pentacle Study, worship the|Gothic people are very weird and |Muslims are terrorist and women | | |devil. |violent.|are beneath them. | | Sexual Orientation |When someone see a feminine man |When someone sees masculine women |People say homosexuality is wrong | | |and call him gay. |she is a lesbian. |and immoral. | Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? The aspects of positive stereotypes can be positive if a person know the difference and have the knowledge to understand what a person may be stating. If we prefer to someone as a â€Å"jock† we are acknowledging that this person is into sports. A person that is known to be preferred to by â€Å"Gothic† or â€Å"Punk† is because of the type of music they listen to and the type of clothing they wear. Usually no one is offended by this because it is factual and evident and these are positive aspects of stereotypes. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? The negative aspects of stereotypes are the lack of understanding, the ignorance, and the labeling of someone to hurt their feelings as an individual or a group of people. A person may see a female with a short hair cut like a man and call them a dike without getting to know who that person is and assuming that this is what they are. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. Stereotype is something conforming to a fixed or general pattern, a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinions, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment. Prejudice is prejudgment and negative attitude based on sex, race, age, sexual orientation, nationality, socioeconomic status, and religion towards an individual or group of people. The difference between stereotype and prejudice is that stereotype is standardized beliefs about people based on some prior assumptions. Prejudice is a type of judgment or assumption about somebody before having sufficient knowledge to judge with accuracy. Example of stereotype is all policemen eat donuts. Example of prejudice is an organization that hires more males and reject females are known to be prejudice. What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? The relationship between stereotyping and prejudice is that stereotyping promotes prejudice and that prejudice reduction depends on stereotype change. Prejudice also influences the extent of stereotyping. The important theoretical tradition posits that this effect emerges because prejudice encourages the use of stereotypes as a means to justify societal inequality (e.g. , Allport, 1954; Katz Braly, 1933; Lippmann, 1922). What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Intolerance stems from ignorance and arrogance this go hand in hand and people need to understand and have the knowledge not to pre-judge people. In order to prevent prejudice from occurring we need to begin now with the way we are raising our children and teach them not to be judgmental and preconceive people before we get to know someone. Teach them not to assume to not like someone because of the color of their skin or where they come from. People are people no matter what they may look like, getting to know a person is very important and not to judge a book by its cover. Have rallies of all race and culture so people can have a better understanding of others. It starts at home teach your children a better way so that they will understand life in a better perspective. Reference: Voices. yahoo. com/stereotyping, Psychology. about. com, www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary, azam. org.

Teaching as a Profession Essay -- essays papers

Teaching as a Profession Winston Churchill once said â€Å"Kites rise highest against the wind (1942).† Teachers must find enough determination to overcome the adversity, stress, and other factors that might be sending them the message to leave their job, and stick with it. A teaching profession has some positive benefits, but the negative aspects are enough to push people away from a career in this field. Looking in from the outside, a job as a teacher seems ideal. In what other profession do you have every weekend, holiday, and the whole summer off? This is enough to draw a lot of people to the job, but it is not glamorous enough to keep these new teachers around for long and this creates a shortage. There are many reasons causing this shortage of teachers. Among others, stress, lack of respect, and salary are what a lot of the fleeing teachers point to for their early departure from the field. This paper will describe what is going on now in the profession and what the future will bring for the fi eld of teaching. In 1685, St. John Baptist de la Salle originated the training of teachers in France (Columbia Encyclopedia). Teaching has kept growing ever since this time, spreading all across the world. In the colonial period in America, the only requirements for teaching in the lower schools were a modicum of learning and a willingness to work in what was then an ill-paid, low-prestige occupation (Columbia Encyclopedia). The teaching profession is still somewhat looked down on, but it keeps improving with the ever-changing technology. Why teachers are on their way out Teacher retention rates have been on a â€Å"see-saw† for a few years now. According to a survey conducted by National University, reductions in class size, ... ... 2003 from http://www.new-teacher.com/salary.html Potter, Patricia E., Swenk, Dr. Jean, Schrup, Dr. Marie, Smith, Hoyt, and Weekly, Sarah. (2001). The National University Teacher Retention and Attrition Survey. Retrieved March 6,2003, from http://www.nu.edu/newevent/teacher-retention-survey/pdf/teacher.pdf Bajunid, Ibrahim Ahmad. (2003, February 16). Redefining the Teaching Profession. New Straits Times-Management Times. Barry, Paul. (2003, January 16). Trainees Prepare to Take the Heat. Coventry Evening Telegraph. Education Week. (2003, February 21). Teaching as a Profession. American Education’s Online Newspaper. Retrieved April 28, 2003 from http://edweek.org The Associated Press. (2003, January 29). Report: Teacher Retention Biggest School Woe. Retrieved March 10,2003, from http://www.cnn.com/2003/education/01/029/teacher.shortage.ap

Body, Perception and Identity in ‘the Birthmark’ and ‘Hands’

Social sciences have often dealt with the relationship between a person’s body figure and his or her self-image. In this respect, the sociologist Carolina Gonzalez Laurino (2008: 23) claims that â€Å"la construccion social de la identidad se encuentra en estrecha relacion con la auto-percepcion del cuerpo. † However, the image an individual has of his or her own figure may be affected by other people’s perception. In the case of â€Å"The Birthmark,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"Hands,† by Sherwood Anderson, the body plays a central role because it determines the characters’ identities and the way they interact with others. It is the purpose of this essay to explore the ways in which the characters of Georgiana and Wing construct and alter their identity and self-image by the way in which their anatomies are described and treated by others. In â€Å"The Birthmark,† Georgiana’s self-image undergoes two major changes under the influence of male perception. At first, some of her lovers admire the birthmark: â€Å"Many a desperate swain would have risked his life for the privilege of pressing his lips to the mysterious hand. (Hawthorne 284) For this reason, Georgiana believes that the mark on her left cheek is a feature of which she should be proud. Later, however, this view of her mark changes due to the influence of her husband’s words and actions: after asking Aylmer about the words he uttered in his sleep and seeing his reaction –â€Å"Aylmer sat in his wife’s presence with a guilty feeling† (Hawthorne 286) – Georgiana urges Aylmer to remove the birthmar k no matter the consequences: â€Å"let the attempt be made at whatever cost† (Hawthorne 286). Gradually, she starts to feel her husband’s hatred herself, and this repulsion is intensified to the point in which she would rather die than carry on living with the mark: â€Å"for life, while this hateful mark makes me the object of your horror and disgust, – life is a burden which I would fling down with joy† (Hawthorne 286). In Sherwood Anderson’s story, the main character’s life is dramatically changed by the community’s perception of his hands. As a young man, he has a positive view of his hands because they are the means through which he expresses himself: â€Å"By the caress that was in his fingers he expressed himself. † (Anderson 31-32) However, when the community in Pennsylvania turns against him, the way in which they talk about the hands changes his perception of that part of his body: â€Å"Although he did not understand what had happened he felt that the hands must be to blame. Again and again the fathers of the boys had talked about the hands. † (Anderson 33). As a result, Wing constantly tries to conceal his hands, and every time he speaks to George, he tries to occupy them in some insignificant activity so as to prevent them from expressing something undesirable. However, one afternoon, when Wing is talking to the young reporter, he loses control of his hands for a moment and they move freely and caress the boy. This situation deeply disturbs Biddlebaum: â€Å"With a convulsive movement of his body, Wing Biddlebaum sprung to his feet and thrust his hands deep into his trouser pockets- Tears came to his eyes† (Anderson 30). Furthermore, the fear he feels because of what his hands may be capable of causing changes his personality from a confident, sociable member of the community to that of a timid man who chooses to isolate himself. This significant change is also reflected by the fact that he moves to a different city and changes his last name to Biddlebaum. In this regard, the effect that the perception of the community of Winesburg has is shown by the part they take in the creation of his new identity: â€Å"[the hands’] restless activity (†¦) had given him his name† (Anderson 28). From the aspects analyzed above, it can be concluded that the image each of these characters has of him or herself is greatly influenced by other people’s perception. The way in which either their whole bodies or parts of them are viewed affects who they – believe – they are and the way they interact with those around them.

National Health Care Expenditures Essay

Health care costs are much higher in the United States than anywhere else. It does not matter if it is measured in total dollars spent, a percentage of the economy, or per capita basis. The United States has the world’s largest health care market. Health care accounts for 40% of all health expenditures and the United States obligates to just 5% of the world’s population. Considerably higher health care costs do not seem to make U. S. citizen’s appreciably healthier (Getzen & Allen, 2007). U. S. health care costs continue to rise notably faster than any other segment of the economy or the population’s incomes for more than the last 40 years. Americans cannot endure this forever. The condition of health care economics is the United States’ gravest crisis, and this gridlock commands a solution. Finding one will not be simple or pleasant (The High Cost of Health Care, 2007). This means the government has to come up with plans that help contain costs while preparing for the future, and the population will likely continue to endure rising costs that place hardships on their household finances. In 2011 US health care spending grew 3. 9% to reach $2. trillion, marking the third consecutive year of relatively slow growth. Health care expenditures grew 3. 9% consecutively 2009 through 2011, indicating three years of slow growth. Health care spending reaching $2. 7 trillion in 2011, also shows in a share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) remaining stable at 17. 9 % for the same period. Last year, 2012, finishes out with a little higher annual rate of 4. 3%. For 2012, national health expenditures grew at an estimated annual rate of 4. 3% in 2012, a bit higher than the 3. 9% experienced for each of the years 2009-2011. While this assessment is subject to adjustments, it foreshadows a fourth consecutive year of record-low growth encompassing the previous 50 years of statistics. The showing of slow spending at the national level does not denote the same regarding spending in the personal level. Personal health care in fact accelerated in 2011. This spending level went from 3. 7% to 4. 1% because of more growth in spending for prescription drugs, physician fees, and medical provisions. Personal spending grew because of slowing Medicare and Medicaid spending and the increasing rates of private insurance. With slow growth also reporting in the population’s incomes, new jobs, and the GDP, some are questioning if US health care will rally after this three-year decline (Hartman, Martin, Benson, & Catlin, 2013). Director of the Altarum Center for Sustainable Health Spending, Charles Roehrig, believes that the slower growth in health care spending incites by slower health care price growth, which follows the slower economy-wide inflation. Altarum’s research proposes that the recession continues to press on health care expenditures, reducing growth by a percentage point or further. And while the figures are clamorous, health care providers ultimately may be cutting back employment in light of reimbursement coerces (Altarum Institute, 2013). An average family in the United States with typical full coverage health insurance through their employer currently spends more on yearly health care than on a year of groceries. The specialists at Milliman Inc. , examined the costs of health care for a U. S. family of four and found that the yearly cost of employer sponsored benefits through an employer-sponsored insurance organization increased 6. 2% to $22,030, compared to $20,728 the previous year (Glynn, 2013). Government is running into a number of major difficulties in attempting to provide health care. One of these difficulties is how to efficiently earmark resources amid hospital-based services and preventative, community-based services. Government also considers what particular preventative measures to promote (Bedkober, 2012). In the long haul, government’s decision to promote healthy lifestyles may be the best choice. For example, if the population navigates toward healthier lifestyles and preventative measures, hospitals would not have the need to continuously fund for more beds. The question is can the citizens of the United States endure the price it will cost to get to a better place that is economically sounder and healthier? Healthier people would drive health care costs down, but it definitely will take some time. During the decades it would take to get people healthier, national spending would need restructuring. It is a known fact that poor people are generally not healthy people. Currently, the high cost of health care is making more people poorer. Costs must come down in order for people having difficulties gain better access to health care. In some instances, too much money is spent in some areas and not enough in others. One of the most profitable industries, according to Fortune magazine is the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry’s profitability in 2005 stands at 15. 7% of sales and stands as the fifth in most profitable U. S. industry. The costs in relation to high-technology treatment, for example in-patient treatment, leads government to believe that preventing the advent of diseases rather than simply treating it when it appear is the best financial strategy for the future. Rather than funding to increase hospital bed numbers, government should fund preventative health measures that will lead to a healthier and more cheaply serviced population (Bedkober, 2012). With this funding, many want to know who actually pays for health care. The U. S. Government drew in more than over 2. 16 trillion dollars in revenue in 2010. The American public supplies this revenue. The same year, 2010, signifies the Federal Government becoming the largest financer of health care with 29% of spending. One actually could say that the American public is the financer of health care. One could also say that the public uses various federal programs to distribute health care fundings. These programs are Managed Care Organization (MCO), Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs) or point-of-service plans (POS), Medicare, and Medicaid, takes a 24% share; National Defense, including Foreign Policy, Veteran’s Administration, and Foreign Aid, is 23% of spending; pensions and disability through Social Security, take a 24% share; and Welfare takes 12% of spending. All other spending, including interest on the national debt, takes 18% of federal spending. The chart below shows the Federal Government (29%) exceeding public households (28%) for the first time. Source: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Office of the Actuary, National Health Expenditure Data, 2012 release. Contributors finance the nation’s health care bill by paying insurance premiums, out-of-pocket expenses, and payroll taxes, or by directing general tax revenues to health care. The federal government and households contributed nearly equally. The following chart breaks down how each contributor directs their spending. Source: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Office of the Actuary, National Health Expenditure Data, 2012 release. Another perspective in answering the question of who genuinely pays for health care is to look at the bottom line to see where all funding actually comes from. All funding comes from taxes. Taxes comes from the citizens of the United States. The whole U. S. population pays for funding. When a patient does not pay cash out of his or her pocket for his or her medical care, every dollar spent on medical care is paid through taxes and insurance premiums everyone. The government and insurance companies do not â€Å"pay† for anything, the population does. The government distributes the money they receive form people’s taxes to other agency payors. This is why individual taxes rise and net wages are lower. Even when many individuals choose to opt out employee benefit deductions, called a tax advantage, individuals still pay. This tax is allocated from other places. Nothing is â€Å"free† when the bottom line starts with the population. When receiving less money from wage taxes, more money is necessary from other taxes such as fuel taxes, property taxes, income taxes, and Social Security taxes to make up from the shortcomings. One thing is certain, there is a future. The U. S. government agencies may be on the right track, time will only tell. Health care reform is on everyone’s mind as it will affect every part of the individual’s life. Other than costly, there are other population needs that require addressing now before it is too late. The United States is in the midst of an aged population explosion. These are people who have or will be leaving the workforce soon. Take into account that the government receives their money from individual taxes on wages. The revenue from these taxes will increase shortcomings that fund the agencies that take care of U. S. health care. This dilemma is a â€Å"catch 22. † Any reform plan must be an attempt to fix both. This may cause strategically proposed cuts in many areas. The U. S. government must decide on what is highest in priority. Some industries that receive government funding may need to decrease their profits to help the nation. Pharmaceutical companies are among the highest in profitability. It is this author’s opinion that dropping the company’s price of a bottle of medicine would not hurt them near as much as the current high cost of medicine hurts the population. Another area that could help reduce costs would be unnecessary grants to some research organizations. Again using the pharmaceutical industry as an example, this industry conducts much research only for its primary need – to fulfill its dominating obligation to shareholders to make a profit. The obligation to patients comes second. There are many researches that would not hurt progress if they were dissolved. However the United States plans to reform health care will not take overnight to accomplish. Reform should have been placed into action years ago, but it is hoped that it is not too late. The government’s spending of the population’s money must go through restructuring with the constant reminder of keeping the people first priority. The people must have protection and good access to health care or nothing else will matter if the United States is to remain the greatest nation.

The Affect of Color on High and Low Screeners essays

The Affect of Color on High and Low Screeners essays The Affect of Color on Low and High Screeners Color in the environment and how persons perceive can greatly affect their productivity and mood. Each person has a different abilities of being able to screen out various stimulus that is around them. Low screeners have a difficult time ignoring overpowering stimulus in their environment while high screeners need to perceive a great amount of stimulus to work to the best of their ability. Mood is affected by color, when a person is in a red room to long they can become agitated and confused. A person in a blue room is more relaxed. This study looks at the affects three different color schemes on college students ability to perform well on a test. The Affect of Color on Low and High Screeners The way we perceive color can affect our emotions and productivity in many different ways. Certain colors can make us excited or stimulate while other colors can leave us feeling helpless or overwhelmed (e.g., Murray In college settings there are many times that students sit through hours of lectures without any outside stimulation and other times students take very involved test that can leave them feeling very out of control. Sitting in a lecture hall can make students very tired and their minds soon begin to wander so that they are stimulated instead of just watching a professor talk. I can remember sitting in many lecture halls trying to keep focused on the professor, but the classrooms are often so plain that the mind begins to drift. If certain colors were in the environment of a lecture hall students may feel stimulated to grasp more of the subject that a professor is speaking on. When students are in a lecture hall taking a test the...

the miricale worker essays

the miricale worker essays The Miracle Worker, by William Gibson, is a true story of hope, learning, and love. Throughout the story, Annie Sullivan tries to teach a blind and deaf student, Helen Keller, communication. Annie was once blind, but had nine surgeries that enabled her to see. Annie goes to the Kellers home to teach a Helen how to understand Annies universal language. Annie is a challenging, demanding, and hard working person. Annie is challenging all through the story and is determined to succeed in teaching Helen. Because of Helens disability, she acts like an animal. Helen has no manners and has never been taught obedience. Like when Helen throws water and hits Annie because she doesnt get her way. Annie realizes that she must get Helen to be obedient first. She takes Helen away from her parents for two weeks to have Helen learn to tolerate and obey her. Annie hopes that she can teach Helen to understand the new language. While Annie and Helen are together, in the Kellers garden house, they are both miserable. Annie makes a goal to teach Helen and without giving up. Annie is a very demanding person. Annie doesnt love Helen, which makes it easier to discipline her and to teach her obedience. Annie is very tough on Helen. For example, Annie wont let Helen eat or sleep until she has completed Annies expectations for the day. Annie is hard working and continually spells things into Helens hands, trying as hard as she can to get Helen to understand. She continually says, This means a word, and the word means this thing. When Annie feels like giving up, she takes Helen outside to the pump and Helen finally understands. Annie finally reaches her objective. The plays theme, no matter what odds one must face in life, one must never give up, describes Annie perfectly. Annie is very frustrated and almost to gives up, but with hope and courage ...

When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names

When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names By Mark Nichol Few technical writing errors drive editors to distraction like superfluous capitalization does. This eruption of capitalitis (a pathogen otherwise known as Uppercasis ludicrosii) is most often seen in references to plants and animals. Words that comprise the names of plant species are generally lowercase: â€Å"Lumber from the live oak is rarely used for furniture.† Exceptions occur when one or more of the words is named after a person or a geographical location, as in the name of the California poppy. (The flowering plant bougainvillea is named after French explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville, but plant names so inspired are still lowercase.) An exception is also made for references to types of fruits and vegetables, such as Red Delicious apples or Early Girl tomatoes. Then there are names of cultivars, or cultivated varieties, of plants, such as that of a kind of broccoli, Brassica oleracea ‘Calabrese’. The convention in botany is to enclose the name of the cultivar in single quotation marks. Note also the exception to the rule about placing closing punctuation within quotation marks; this format, also employed in linguistics and philosophy, reflects the intention to clarify the precise terminology in question. Notice the italicized name mentioned just above, and the jocular one in the first paragraph: Those are examples, respectively authentic and artificial, of binomial nomenclature, the system of Latin-inspired scientific names for life-forms. The first element, the genus name, is capitalized; the second element, the species name, is not (even if it derives from a place name, as in Artemisia californica, the name of a plant found in California). Such terms, as shown here, are generally italicized. Binomial nomenclature is, of course, also used for animals, including the singularly curious one designated as Homo sapiens. However, as in the case of plant names, animal names are not capitalized (â€Å"I spotted a red-tailed hawk,† not â€Å"I spotted a Red-Tailed Hawk†), except when an element of the name is a proper noun, as in â€Å"Steller’s jay† and â€Å"Siberian tiger.† Animal breeds, unlike types of produce and plant cultivars, are given no special treatment: Your cocker spaniel is special, of course, but its breed name merits no capitalization. However, many names of breeds of dogs and cats are exceptions, such as those of the German shepherd, the Siamese cat, and the Thoroughbred horse. The preponderance of such examples may be the cause of confusion about capitalization of animal names. The rules are complicated, but it’s a simple enough matter to get a ruling: Check the dictionary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†At Your DisposalWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Biography as a writer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biography as a writer - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that childhood is an interesting stage in life because it sets the foundation of what we will be as grown-ups. As a child, the researcher’s passion was reading and writing. Nothing ever passed the researcher’s sight without reading be it a signpost, newspaper, a piece of the old ragged magazine, or a torn piece of paper with writings on it. The researcher’s passion for writing developed as he grew up into a full-blown interest in writing shaped by several experiences. First, the author has grown up admiring his aunt’s writings, which a appear in a weekly magazine. The present research has identified that the researcher’s aunt has a segment where she discusses uncommon health issues affecting the society especially those living in low-income communities, and how they can go about addressing these health problems. This paper illustrates that the author draws inspiration from her passion and determination to expose untold health issues and give a solution to those suffering from such health conditions. Secondly, as the author grew up, they moved from town to town because of the nature of his father’s work. While going through several places the researcher experienced and noted interesting differences in cultures, a way of life among others that captured his attention. This essay discusses that this experience gave him more desire to write about his encounters in different towns.

American Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Dance - Essay Example American theatrical dance has expanded through a progression of generations numerous build on the work, thus creating a pedigree marked by innovation. This form of dance cannot be neatly defined. It is a form of style of American modern dance evolving through quest of discoveries and shares the communicative potential of human association. In true sense American theatrical dance comprises of Broadway, modern and ballet forms of dancing style. These forms of dance depict the economic and cultural changes happening in the society. From time to time they have enacted on issues of social significance and always conveyed some messages to the audience through their theatrical dance performances. These dancing form pioneered dance in bare foot and elegant costumes. They portray a form of social affirmation and were means of expressing nation’s and society’s power (Brown). The society values theatrical dance as a communicative and bonding experience forming a well-developed str ucture of communication. This essay will focus on the two forms of American modern dance that is Broadway and Ballet, and how are they different to each other. Broadway Theatrical Dance: Broadway dance forms a part of the modern American theatrical dance. It can be classified as an incorporation of jazz and modern style accompanied with theater and music. At the beginning of the Broadway dance people were tricked and amazed by the concepts of Broadway Theater as this pioneered a dancing form with play’s plot. Initially Broadway was not taken as a serious theatrical dance. People were uncertain about the entire structure of the dance form. But later it evolved as a dance form which had a social message for the society. Soon after, Broadway started gaining popularity amongst the audience as fusion of jazz and modern art dance. This form of theatrical dance was incorporated with exceptional movement and unconventional use of body parts. The entire act was supported by the usage of props, integration of personalities, storytelling of a incident. The entire performance was choreographed and presented through lucid expressions. The entire performances take place with music playing backstage. The music is played as per the theme of the subject matter of the performance. With changing time span Broadway musical took off. It popularity enhanced day by day and gained recognition as an artistic form of theater. Broadway dance form exerted profound influence in the New York life tradition and culture. Their themes were realistic with a touch of whimsical feel. As per the critics it attracted the serious theater goers who were deeply moved by the socio-economical concerns of the society. During its early stage the middle class New Yorkers used to be its target audience. Their theme appealed to them to a great extends. Broadway theatrical evolved as an assembly of multidimensional talents. It consisted of a group of singers, dancers, actors, musicians who emerged as celebrities. Famous Broadway personalities included Anna held, Lillian Russell, Marilyn Miller, DeWolf Hoppe, Ray Bolger etc. These eminent personalities had been a part of this theatrical dance from time to time. Robert Alton had been a choreographer of this dance form who brought out the first modern dances closely related to many dance performances in New York stage today. Nowadays dance performances have become dominated in the Broadway theatrica

Project 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project 1 - Assignment Example Ans3. The economic-benefit component consists of two variables namely delayed costs and avoided costs. Avoided costs were the maintenance or the operational expenses that were to be incurred but were avoided. Whereas, delayed costs are the ones which were postpones by the violation but will be incurred to attain compliance. On the other hand, gravity based component are the penalties over and above the economic benefit. The gravity based component is more effective because in this way businesses will be encouraged to self-police and not to violate. Ans4. The conditions are that the discovery of violation must be through environmental audits or EMS- Environmental management system; Discovery of violation must be voluntarily; agreement of taking steps for preventions should be there. The violation must be disclosed within 20 days after the discovery to EPA. Within 60 days, the violation must be corrected. Ans5. We have learned the ways of conducting business ethically and this article highlights some rules and regulations that regulate the businesses and their environment. It keeps a check and balance that humanity and environment should not be harmed in the process. EPA’s incentives would help the businesses to be proactive from the start and they would not end up violating the rules, thus doing business ethically. Ans6. The main aim of any business is profit maximization. If the penalties hinder this objective then they will definitely make sure not to violate the rules. Moreover, in order to have a good image they will fulfill their corporate social

My personal philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

My personal philosophy - Essay Example This is why my biggest motivation and mission is to proudly offer nonjudgmental and unbiased care particularly to those in need regardless of their class in life, race, lifestyle choices, spirituality, disability and financial status. My philosophy therefore makes me understand that as a nurse I have a responsibility to my patients and must offer them with holistic, safe, patient-centered, round the clock care. In addition, it makes me bear in mind that patients under my care are not mere statistics, medical conditions or just room numbers but individuals that need and deserve personalized care and attention. Professionally, nurses are supposed to use clinical judgment so as to assist the requirements of their patients. Being an advocate, I am obligated to empower my patients by encouraging them to engage in active partnership as far as their individual care is concerned and participate in mutual setting of goals between patient and care providers. As a nurse I should maintain and uphold patient confidentiality with the exception of when the law mandates us to report as a duty. My philosophy also reminds me that I must constantly educate not only my patients but their families as well especially on treatments, healthy behaviors and diseases so as to enhance their outcomes. Lastly I am also obligated to strive to positively model healthy behaviours in my own life in the belief that I will offer better care to patients if I care for myself first. In conclusion, my philosophy enables me to be committed to keeping myself with the up to date skills and knowledge together with seeking self-enhancement via perpetual learning. This ensures that I do not remain in my belief but instead progress professionally via evidence-based technological and practice advances. My philosophy ensures that I will always keep on learning, not only from journals and textbooks but also from various interactions with my colleagues and involvement

Contract and Procurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contract and Procurement - Essay Example On a counter view of the project, the evidence stated should be indicated and given in the section as this would help in validating the information given. Moreover, for a project to be successful all the internal project documents should be well document and the information in those documents used otherwise the project will not be successful (Ramakrishna 2010). Amber color should have been used to indicate that there are significant issues which need the management’s attention despite a successful delivery. 2. Summary of report recommendations The recommendations given by the review time are worth while as they provide a clear explanation of the situation in the entity. The recommendation time frame could either be Recommended, Critical and Essential. The review uses the â€Å"Recommended† time frame. â€Å"Recommended† means that the recommendations given should be beneficial to the project and should be linked to the project milestones, and this should be befor e the contract is signed. On a critical point view, the recommendations given by should be based on the three time frames given the other two are based on the successful outcome of the project depending on how fast action is taken a situation which affects the project. 3. Background and business case The background of the project is clearly stated with the project name and the programme. The problems facing the stated projects are also indicated which explains why the stated project are in need of improvements. The cost estimates for the improvements, the procurement delivery status including the start and expiry date, current position in regard to the OGC Gateway Review and conduct of the OGC Gateway Review have been well stated in connection to the business case (Marks 2012). Enough has been provided about the background of the project, that is, the background is explicit. However, including the current position in regard to the OGC Gateway Review without sufficient information ab out the past reviews is absurd. The reviewer should have obtained all information from the previous four Gateway Reviews before embarking on writing his or her review. The previous review would help the reviewer to fully understand all the problems facing the project and the improvements which have been done on the projects. 4. Findings and recommendations The findings for the project have been given explicitly with all parameters well stated. All the strengths and weaknesses of the project including lack of proper documentation and sufficient commitment to staff training and knowledge of training delivery amongst the main project teams have been elaborated. Validity of the project in connection to the business case has also been elaborated. The reviewer has done excellent in the elaboration of the findings of the project. The reviewer has gone further ahead to give the plans for the ongoing improvements in performance and innovation which include the continuous improvement and plan ning and performance measures. The reviewer has also gone a head to provide the organizations learning and maturity targets and its readiness for the future or the plans for any service provision in the future. However, the